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PROBLEM: Safety belt use rates among front seat occupants of passenger vehicles are substantially lower at night than during the day despite the fact that night driving is more dangerous. METHOD: Recent advances in night vision equipment now make it possible to enforce belt use laws in darkness. Reading, Pennsylvania conducted a night belt use publicity and enforcement campaign during September 2004 using night vision equipment. RESULTS: Front seat occupant belt use at night increased significantly from 50% prior to the campaign to 56% just after the campaign. Daylight belt use also increased though to a lesser extent (56% to 59%). Survey data indicated that motorists had heard about the campaign in newspapers and on television. Belt use increases were not seen during the same time period in a comparison community. 相似文献
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S.O. Alonge 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):321-336
Abstract Field trials were conducted during the wet seasons of 1989, 1991, 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the effects of pre‐emergence and post‐emergence applications of four rates of imazaquin (0.00; 0.15; 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha) on the growth, leaf chlorophyll types and grain yield of soybean c.v. SAMSOY 2. Imazaquin applications had no significant effect on the growth of soybean roots on most of the sampling dates, but pre‐and post‐emergence applications of imazaquin at 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha reduced soybean root nodules at 5 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP). Soybean shoot growth was generally reduced at 5WAP by the pre‐emergence and at 7WAP by the higher rates (0.30 & 0.45kg a.i/ha) of post‐emergence application of imazaquin. Pre‐and post‐emergence applications of imazaquin showed a strong tendency to reduce the concentration of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at at 3 and 5WAP respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll types in soybean leaves at 9WAP was generally comparable among most treatments especially in 1991. Whole plant fresh weight of soybean at 7WAP was reduced by all rates of post‐emergence application of imazaquin. However, there was no significant difference in the whole plant dry weight of soybean at 3 to 7 WAP in 1989 and at 3, 5 and 9WAP in 1991. In each trial, pre‐and post‐emergence applications of soybean significantly increased the grain yield of soybean compared with the control treatment. This study showed that, inhibition of soybean shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll concentration was transient and that soybean plants require about 6 weeks for complete recovery from imazaquin phytotoxicity. 相似文献
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Alonge SO 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2000,35(3):321-336
Field trials were conducted during the wet seasons of 1989, 1991, 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the effects of pre-emergence and post-emergence applications of four rates of imazaquin (0.00; 0.15; 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha) on the growth, leaf chlorophyll types and grain yield of soybean c.v. SAMSOY 2. Imazaquin applications had no significant effect on the growth of soybean roots on most of the sampling dates, but pre-and post-emergence applications of imazaquin at 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha reduced soybean root nodules at 5 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP). Soybean shoot growth was generally reduced at 5WAP by the pre-emergence and at 7WAP by the higher rates (0.30 & 0.45kg a.i/ha) of post-emergence application of imazaquin. Pre-and post-emergence applications of imazaquin showed a strong tendency to reduce the concentration of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at 3 and 5WAP respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll types in soybean leaves at 9WAP was generally comparable among most treatments especially in 1991. Whole plant fresh weight of soybean at 7WAP was reduced by all rates of post-emergence application of imazaquin. However, there was no significant difference in the whole plant dry weight of soybean at 3 to 7 WAP in 1989 and at 3, 5 and 9WAP in 1991. In each trial, pre-and post-emergence applications of soybean significantly increased the grain yield of soybean compared with the control treatment. This study showed that, inhibition of soybean shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll concentration was transient and that soybean plants require about 6 weeks for complete recovery from imazaquin phytotoxicity. 相似文献
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