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1.
2.
Self-diffusion coefficients were studied for the highly polar liquid N-methylformamide at pressures up to 200 MPa between the melting pressure curves and 420 K by the spin-echo method. N-Methylformamide exists as a mixture of two conformers in the neat liquid. These conformers have large differences at lower
temperatures in their dynamic and structural properties. The self-diffusion coefficient of the cis-conformer being 17% lower than that of the trans-conformer at the same T and p. This is the first observation of such an effect. The experimental study is supported by Monte Carlo (MC) calculations which
show that the first neighbors around a cis conformer are arranged differently than in an all trans liquid. The difference leads in the simulations to a much lower dielectric constant for the trans-cis mixture and might also explain the retardation of diffusion for the cis conformer.
Received: 15 November 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 28 February 2000 相似文献
3.
Current status and research on E-waste issues in Asia 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Atsushi Terazono Shinsuke Murakami Naoya Abe Bulent Inanc Yuichi Moriguchi Shin-ichi Sakai Michikazu Kojima Aya Yoshida Jinhui Li Jianxin Yang Ming H. Wong Amit Jain In-Suk Kim Genandrialine L. Peralta Chun-Chao Lin Thumrongrut Mungcharoen Eric Williams 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(1):1-12
Rapid economic growth in Asia and the increasing transboundary movement of secondary resources will increasingly require both
3R endeavors (reduce, reuse, recycle) in each country and appropriate control of international material cycles. Recently,
managing electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) has become an important target for domestic and international material
cycles from the viewpoints of environmental preservation and resource utilization efficiency. To understand the current status
of E-waste issues in the context of international material cycles and to discuss the future tasks related to achieving 3R
in the region, we organized the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) E-waste Workshop in December 2004. This
article reviews past studies on E-waste and briefly describes the topics presented and discussions held at the workshop. The
topics at the workshop included E-waste generation, recycling systems, international trade, and environmental impacts. In
addition, we discussed various issues such as terminology, current environmental concerns, and possible solutions. Transboundary
shipments of E-waste should be conducted taking into consideration the concept of sustainable development. The direction of
future research and possible collaborations are also discussed. 相似文献
4.
5.
Assessment of water quality parameters of the Harike wetland in India, a Ramsar site, using IRS LISS IV satellite data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Samson Okongo Mabwoga Amit Chawla Ashwani Kumar Thukral 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):117-128
This study aims at the classification and water quality assessment of Harike wetland (Ramsar site) in India using satellite images from the Indian Remote Sensing satellite, Resourcesat (IRS P6). The Harike wetland is a converging zone of two rivers, Beas and Sutlej. The satellite images of IRS Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS) IV multispectral sensor with three bands (green, red, and near infrared (NIR)) and a spatial resolution of 5.8 m were classified using supervised image classification techniques. Field points for image classification and water sampling were recorded using a Garmin eTrex Global Positioning System. The water quality parameters assessed were dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, total and suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand, and Secchi disk transparency (SDT). Correlations were established between turbidity and SS, SS and SDT, and total solids and turbidity. Using reflectance values from the green, red, and NIR bands, we then plotted the water quality parameters with the mean digital number values from the satellite imagery. The NIR band correlated significantly with the water quality parameters, whereas, using SDT values, it was observed that the green and the red reflectance bands were able to distinguish the waters from the two rivers, which have different water qualities. 相似文献
6.
Patil Sakshi Bafana Amit Naoghare Pravin K. Krishnamurthi Kannan Sivanesan Saravanadevi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(5):4951-4974
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics are considered to be ubiquitous and widespread emerging contaminants. They are persistent in the nature and pose considerable harm to... 相似文献
7.
Gupta Amit Behl Tapan Aleya Lotfi Rahman Md. Habibur Yadav Harlokesh Narayan Pal Giridhari Kaur Ishnoor Arora Sandeep 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(16):19601-19614
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most widely spread metabolic disorder also called as “life style” disease. Due to the alarming number... 相似文献
8.
Kumar V Rani S Malik S Trivedi AK Schwabl I Helm B Gwinner E 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(8):693-696
Daytime light intensity can affect the photoperiodic regulation of the reproductive cycle in birds. The actual way by which
light intensity information is transduced is, however, unknown. We postulate that transduction of the light intensity information
is mediated by changes in the pattern of melatonin secretion. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of high and
low daytime light intensities on the daily melatonin rhythm of Afro-tropical stonechats (Saxicola torquata axillaris) in which seasonal changes in daytime light intensity act as a zeitgeber of the circannual rhythms controlling annual reproduction
and molt. Stonechats were subjected to light conditions simulated as closely as possible to native conditions near the equator.
Photoperiod was held constant at 12.25 h of light and 11.75 h of darkness per day. At intervals of 2.5 to 3.5 weeks, daytime
light intensity was changed from bright (12,000 lux at one and 2,000 lux at the other perch) to dim (1,600 lux at one and
250 lux at the other perch) and back to the original bright light. Daily plasma melatonin profiles showed that they were linked
with changes in daytime light intensity: Nighttime peak and total nocturnal levels were altered when transitions between light
conditions were made, and these changes were significant when light intensity was changed from dim to bright. We suggest that
daytime light intensity could affect seasonal timing via changes in melatonin profiles.
Professor Dr. E. Gwinner died on 07 September 2004. 相似文献
9.
Frédéric Babonneau Amit Kanudia Maryse Labriet Richard Loulou Jean-Philippe Vial 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2012,17(1-2):19-37
Energy supply routes to a given region are subject to random events, resulting in partial or total closure of a route (corridor). For instance, a pipeline may be subject to technical problems that reduce its capacity. Or, oil supply by tanker may be reduced for political reasons or because of equipment mishaps at the point of origin or again, by a conscious decision by the supplier in order to obtain economic benefits. The purpose of this article is to formulate a simplified version of the above issue that mainly addresses long-term uncertainties. The formulation is done via a version of the TIAM-WORLD Integrated Model, modified to implement the approach of robust optimization. In our case, the approach can be interpreted as a revival of chance-constrained programming under the name of distributionally robust, or ambiguous, chance-constrained programming. We apply the approach to improve the security of supply to the European Energy system. The resulting formulation provides several interesting features regarding the security of EU energy supply and has also the advantage to be numerically tractable. 相似文献
10.
Amit Kapur Hendrik G. van Oss Gregory Keoleian Stephen E. Kesler Alissa Kendall 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(2):155-165
A country-level stock and flow model for cement, an important construction material, was developed based on a material flow
analysis framework. Using this model, the contemporary cement cycle of the United States was constructed by analyzing production,
import, and export data for different stages of the cement cycle. The United States currently supplies approximately 80% of
its cement consumption through domestic production and the rest is imported. The average annual net addition of in-use new
cement stock over the period 2000–2004 was approximately 83 million metric tons and amounts to 2.3 tons per capita of concrete.
Nonfuel carbon dioxide emissions (42 million metric tons per year) from the calcination phase of cement manufacture account
for 62% of the total 68 million tons per year of cement production residues. The end-of-life cement discards are estimated
to be 33 million metric tons per year, of which between 30% and 80% is recycled. A significant portion of the infrastructure
in the United States is reaching the end of its useful life and will need to be replaced or rehabilitated; this could require
far more cement than might be expected from economic forecasts of demand for cement. 相似文献