A new type of infrared organ in the Australian "fire-beetle" Merimna atrata (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

 The Australian buprestid beetle Merimna atrata (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) approaches forest fires because its larvae develop in freshly burnt wood. So far nothing is known about possible sensory systems enabling the beetles to detect fires and to cope with the thermal environment close to the flames. We found that M. atrata has two pairs of infrared (IR) organs on the ventrolateral sides of the abdomen. Each IR organ consists of a specialized IR-absorbing area which is innervated by one thermosensitive multipolar neuron. The primary dendritic branches ramify into more than 800 closely packed terminal endings which contain a large number of mitochondria. We called the special morphology of the dendritic region a terminal dendritic mass. The type of IR receptor found in M. atrata is unique in insects and can best be compared with the IR organs of boid snakes. Received: 14 August 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 18 October 2000     

The relationship between environmental management strategies and environmental compliance at Marine Corps installations

Environmental compliance requirements periodically impact the military's ability to use all installation resources. In response, environmental management strategies have been developed to ensure compliance and allow site closure. This study examines the relationship between environmental management strategies and environmental compliance at U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) installations via analysis of environmental compliance audit scores. Five environmental scores of interest from 1998 to 2004 audits—which include total compliance, total management, audit management, policy management, and training management—were subjected to statistical analysis. Results showed the USMC met environmental compliance and management standards, despite limited resources. High management strategy scores were moderately correlated with high total compliance scores. Total management scores improved over time, and noncompliance was most often associated with a lack of resources and plans. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

建立我国生态环境标准体系的初步构想

我国的生态环境标准极其薄弱，建立生态环境标准体系是我国生态环境保护的迫切需要。借鉴我国目前针对污染防治的环境标准体系，提出了我国生态环境标准体系的基本框架，以及生态环境标准制订的原则和重点。     

Sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment of an aquifer contaminated by halogenated organics: field results

In situ, sequential, anaerobic to aerobic treatment of groundwater removed perchloroethene (PCE, 1.1 microM) and benzene (0.8 microM) from a contaminated aquifer. Neither aerobic nor anaerobic treatment alone successfully degraded both the chlorinated and non-chlorinated organic contaminants in the aquifer. After the sequential treatment, PCE, trichloroethene (TCE), vinyl chloride (VC), chloroethane (CA), and benzene were not detectable in groundwater. Desorption of residual aquifer contaminants was tested by halting the groundwater recirculation and analyzing the groundwater after 3 and 7 weeks. No desorption of the chlorinated contaminants or daughter products was observed in the treated portion of the aquifer. Sequential anaerobic to aerobic treatment was successful in remediating the groundwater at this test site and may have broad applications at other contaminated sites. Over the 4-year course of the project, the predominant microbial environment of the test site varied from aerobic to sulfate-reducing, to methanogenic, and back to aerobic conditions. Metabolically active microbial populations developed under all conditions, demonstrating the diversity and robustness of natural microbial flora in the aquifer.     

生态气象监测评估业务平台的设计与应用

  针对目前生态气象监测轨道业务的特点，结合工作的实际需要，运用C和C++语言建立了生态气象监测评估业务平台。在程序设计中，采用了生成中间交换文件的结构组织，能够对各模块的输出结果进行详尽直观的分析，并提供了等值线色斑图与区域填充等多种图形绘制方式。该系统可处理AVHRR和EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料，对气象观测报文进行解译、数据分类管理和质量控制，统计计算水体密度指数、湿润指数、植被覆盖指数、土地退化指数、灾害指数和生态质量综合评价指标，以图形、图像的形式输出生态气象监测评估产品，实现了卫星遥感与生态气象地面监测数据的有效组织和智能化管理。将系统应用于湖南省生态质量气象评价，业务化运行的结果表明，该系统具有较好的业务实用性。〖HJ1〗〖HJ〗
〖HT5”H〗     

A new type of insect infrared organ of low thermal mass

The Australian beetle Acanthocnemus nigricans is attracted by forest fires and has a pair of complex infrared (IR) receptor organs on the first thoracic segment. Each organ consists of a tiny sensory disc (diameter 120-130 µm) which serves as an absorbing structure for IR radiation. The disc is arranged above an air-filled cavity which is located just anteriorly to the coxae of the prothoracic legs. Inside the disc, about 30 multipolar thermoreceptors (warmth receptors) are tightly attached to the cuticle which is directed to the outside. The many dendrites of each multipolar neuron are tightly wrapped around the soma and contain a large number of mitochondria. Absorption of IR radiation by the disc causes an increase in temperature which is measured by the warmth receptors. Therefore, the IR receptors of A. nigricans can be classified as microbolometers with reduced thermal mass and in principle can be compared to the IR organs of pit vipers.     

江西武夷成矿带铜多金属矿产资源远景评价与展望

华南武夷山地区处于扬子、华夏两大构造单元交接叠加地段,构造变形复杂,中生代岩浆活动强烈,具有十分优越的成矿条件,矿产资源潜力巨大.本文以正在武夷山成矿带开展的矿产远景调查工作和资源评价工作所取得的阶段性成果为基础,分析了武夷山成矿带的成矿地质背景、主要矿床类型及近几年的找矿勘查成果,并对武夷成矿带江西省境内铜多金属矿产资源潜力进行了初步评价,划分了十七个找矿远景区.     

基于层次分析法的城市河流生态修复评估

城市的发展改变了许多河流的自然水文环境，并导致河流生态系统中水质、物理生境和生物完整性下降。评估受损河流水体修复的效果，需要结合物理、化学的参数，以及对生物结构、多样性和过程的影响。构建了包含河流水力、水质、水生生物、河岸带及物理结构5个方面15个指标的城市河流生态修复评估指标体系，运用群组决策的层次分析法(AHP)，确定了各指标的权重，重要性排序前5位依次为：水质污染指数、鱼类IBI、水源补给量、藻类多样性、透明度。并以我国南方城市岐江河整治修复状况为例进行综合评价，结果表明,河流生态系统修复评估结果为可以接受，体现了河流整治工程使河流水质、生态的状况有所改善，但河流生态系统恢复需要较长的周期，修复初期生态系统仍处于受损状态。〖