纤维素降解菌Arthrobacter oryzae HW-17的纤维素降解特性及纤维素酶学性质

采用单一碳源选择性培养基和纤维素平板水解圈法筛选到一株具有较强纤维素分解能力的菌株Arthrobacter oryzae HW-17.此外,高通量测序发现,不同驯化条件下微生物群落结构有明显差异,低温条件下优势属为类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)和伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia).本文同时对菌株Arthrobacter oryzae HW-17的微生物特性和纤维素降解特性进行了初步研究,结果发现,KNO_3、30或35℃、pH=7分别为菌株产纤维素酶的最佳氮源、温度和pH.菌株HW-17的最高纤维素酶活为18.55 U·m L~(-1),且对磨碎加工处理的纤维素样品和含鸡粪的纤维素混合样品有更好的降解效果.此外,菌株HW-17产生的纤维素酶在中温(≤50℃)和偏酸性(pH=5~7)条件下能保持较高的酶活.Cu(Ⅱ)和Pb(Ⅱ)等金属离子能够抑制该酶的活性.     

东北过伐林灌木层物种多样性与林分因子的典型相关分析

研究林分特征尤其是经营上可以控制的因子对生物多样性的影响，将有助于制定合理的经营措施来维持和保护生物多样性，本文作者以我国东北过伐林区3种典型天然林类型为对象，采用典型相关分析方法，研究影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子。结果表明：影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子包括土壤含水率，树种多样性和林分密度；灌木层多样性组的变异被林分组第一典型变量解释的比例为68.32%,仍有31.68%的变异不能得到解释。     

哈大绥城市“十三五”期间大气环境容量分析

根据2016—2020年哈尔滨市、大庆市、绥化市(以下称哈大绥)国控环境空气自动监测站的SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5监测资料,统计年鉴中行政区划、污染物排放及气象等监测数据,分析哈大绥区域环境空气质量的变化趋势和测算因子,采用A值法核定了哈大绥区域SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5的大气环境容量。结果表明:哈大绥SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5 3项污染物采暖季的大气环境容量均呈逐年递增趋势。通过计算环境承载能力发现,哈大绥SO₂、NO₂、PM_2.5 3项污染物在非采暖季均具有高承载能力,哈大绥非采暖季环境容量高于采暖季。哈尔滨的个别污染物仍然处于临界超载状态,为减少重污染天气,应进一步削减采暖季污染物排放量。     

基于MiSeq测序分析酸性农作物土壤细菌群落结构与多样性

为分析酸性农田土壤中微生物群落结构,探寻酸化土壤的综合治理途径,以湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州利川市酸性农作物土壤为研究对象,应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,测定酸性土壤中总细菌和经驯化的可培养细菌的16S rRNA基因V3~V4变异区序列,确定不同农作物土壤中总细菌和可培养细菌的群落结构,并探讨土壤理化因子对土壤总细菌群落结构的影响.结果表明:白菜地、烟草地、山药地、草莓地、玉米地及莴苣地这6种农作物土壤中总细菌和可培养细菌在97%的相似水平下得到的OTUs（operational taxonomic units,操作分类单元）数量分别为4 008和97个.在门水平上,土壤总细菌中有12个门类的细菌相对丰度大于1%,Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria和Chloroflexi为优势菌门细菌;可培养细菌中仅有3个门类细菌相对丰度高于1%,即Firmicutes、Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes.在OTU水平上,土壤总细菌沿pH梯度将6种土壤样品分为2类,即pH < 5.5的玉米地、山药地和莴苣地和pH>5.5的烟草地、白菜地和草莓地.此外,冗余分析（RDA）结果显示,Acidobacteria的相对丰度与pH呈正相关,Firmicutes和Roteobacter的相对丰度均与w（TN）、w（TP）、w（TC）呈正相关.系统进化树分析表明,相对丰度位于前30位的细菌与亚洲地区发现细菌的16S rRNA基因序列同源性较高.研究显示,Illumina MiSeq测序能够较为全面地解析酸性土壤中总细菌和可培养细菌的多样性,驯化过程极大地减少了细菌的种类;同时,发现细菌群落结构的相似性可能因样本来源的地理距离的增加而衰减.      

中国公路交通直接能源回弹效应的长期和短期影响研究

基于2000～2018年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,构建包含非对称价格效应的面板协整与面板误差修正模型,分体系对我国公路交通直接能源回弹效应的长期和短期影响进行实证研究.结果表明:长期中,公路客运交通与公路货运交通直接能源回弹效应分别为21％和62％;短期中,公路客运交通直接能源回弹效应为24％,而公路货...     

Effects of technical and allocative inefficiencies on energy and nonenergy elasticities: an analysis of energy-intensive industries in China

Elasticity of substitution is traditionally estimated while ignoring technical and allocative inefficiencies, which could bias the estimates. We estimate elasticity of substitution for Chinese energy-intensive sectors by incorporating these inefficiencies. The results show most of the sectors are low substitutes between input factors and stress important differences among energy-intensive sectors. Concerning the cross-price elasticity for energy, with respect to capital (labor), the sectors are mainly characterized by weak substitutability or complementary. These imply the production structure is quite rigid and capital cannot be so readily used as a substitute for energy.     

How does biased technological progress affect haze pollution? Evidence from APEC economies

Biased technological progress is the act of energy conservation and emission reduction by changing the marginal rate of substitution. In this study, we introduced renewable energy into a production function, and proposed a method of identifying biased characteristics of technological progress, based on marginal productivity theory. A panel dataset for the Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies from 2000 to 2017 was analyzed to explore the effect of biased technological progress in reducing particulate matter (PM_2.5). We found that input biased technological progress tended to use more non-renewable energy. Input biased technological progress aggravated haze pollution; however, this effect decreased as the PM_2.5 concentration increased. Output biased technological progress significantly reduced haze pollution in high-income economies, but increased it in low-income economies. The effect of neutral technological progress on haze pollution was the opposite of the effect from output biased technological progress. We also found that increasing renewable energy consumption and reducing energy intensity were separate effective paths for input and output biased technological progress, respectively, to mitigate haze pollution. For neutral technological progress, improving total factor productivity was an important way to mitigate haze pollution. Finally, several policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate haze pollution in APEC economies.