Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dissolved organic matter from eight dominant aquatic macrophytes in Lake Dianchi, China

The aim of this research was to determine and compare the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of dissolved organic matters (DOM) from eight aquatic macrophytes in a eutrophic lake. C, H, N, and P in ground dry leaves and C, N, and P in DOM of the species were determined, and C/N, C/P, C/H, DOC/C, TDN/N, TDP/P, DOC/TDN, and DOC/TDP were calculated. Chemical structures of the DOM were characterized by the use of multiple techniques including UV-visible, FT-IR, and ¹³C CP/MAS spectra. The results showed subtle differences in quantity and quality of DOM among species and life-forms. Except oriental pepper which had a C/H of 0.7, C/H of all the other species was 0.6. C/N and C/P of ground leaves was 10.5–17.3 and 79.4–225.3, respectively, which were greater in floating and submerged species than in the others. Parrot feather also had a small C/P (102.8). DOC/C, TDN/N, and TDP/P were 7.6–16.8, 5.5–22.6, and 22.9–45.6 %, respectively. Except C/N in emergent and riparian species, C/N in the other species and C/P in all the species were lower in their DOM than in the ground leaves. DOM of the macrophytes had a SUVA₂₅₄ value of 0.83–1.80. The FT-IR and ¹³C NMR spectra indicated that the DOM mainly contained polysaccharides and/or amino acids/proteins. Percent of carbohydrates in the DOM was 37.3–66.5 % and was highest in parrot feather (66.5 %) and crofton weed (61.5 %). DOM of water hyacinth, water lettuce, and sago pondweed may have the greatest content of proteins. Aromaticity of the DOM was from 6.9 % in water lettuce to 17.8 % in oriental pepper. DOM of the macrophytes was also different in polarity and percent of Ar–OH. Distinguished characteristics in quantity and quality of the macrophyte-derived DOM may induce unique environmental consequences in the lake systems.     

Assessment of natural sepiolite on cadmium stabilization, microbial communities, and enzyme activities in acidic soil

A pot trial was conducted to assess the efficiency of sepiolite-induced cadmium (Cd) immobilization in ultisoils. Under Cd concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg?kg^?1, the available Cd in the soil after the application of 1–10 % sepiolite decreased by a maximum of 44.4, 23.0, and 17.0 %, respectively, compared with no sepiolite treatments. The increase in the values of soil enzyme activities and microbial number proved that a certain metabolic recovery occurred after sepiolite treatment. The dry biomass of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) increased with increasing sepiolite concentration in the soil. However, the concentration (dry weight) of Cd in the spinach shoots decreased with the increase in sepiolite dose, with maximum reduction of 92.2, 90.0, and 84.9 %, respectively, compared with that of unamended soils. Under a Cd level of 1.25 mg?kg^?1, the Cd concentration in the edible parts of spinach at 1 % sepiolite amendment was lower than 0.2 mg?kg^?1 fresh weight, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of Cd in vegetable. Even at higher Cd concentrations (2.5 and 5 mg?kg^?1), safe spinach was produced when the sepiolite treatment was up to 5 %. The results showed that sepiolite-assisted remediation could potentially succeed on a field scale by decreasing Cd entry into the food chain.     

江苏土地资源存在的问题及其对策

一、扼要叙述土地资源利用现状、变化趋势和后备土地资源状况,二、说明江苏土地资源利用存在的问题。三、重点阐述人地矛盾突出和环境污染发展趋势严峻两大问题。四、指出必须把治理保护土地资源和生态环境作为一项重大任务加以落实。提出加强综合管理、综合治理,加强资源保护,控制人口增长,加速农业资源开发的对策。     

Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from southwest China

To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals, and to assess soil environmental quality, 63 soil samples were collected in Yibin City, Sichuan Province, China. Mean concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu were 10.55, 61.23, 138.88 and 56.35 mg/kg, respectively. As concentrations were comparable to background values, while Pb, Zn, and Cu concentrations were higher than their corresponding background values. Industrial areas exhibited the highest concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu, while the lowest concentrations occurred in parks. Statistical analysis was performed and two cluster groups of metals were identified with Pb, Zn, and Cu in one group and As in the other. Spatial distribution maps indicated that Pb, Zn, and Cu were mainly controlled by anthropogenic activities, whereas As could be mainly accounted for by soil parent materials. Pollution index values of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu varied in the range of 0.24-1.93, 0.66-7.24, 0.42-4.19, and 0.62-5.25, with mean values of 0.86, 1.98, 1.61, and 1.78, respectively. The integrated pollution index (IPI) values of these metals varied from 0.82 to 3.54, with a mean of 1.6 and more than 90% of soil samples were moderately or highly contaminated with heavy metals. The spatial distribution of IPI showed that newer urban areas displayed relatively lower heavy metal contamination in comparison with older urban areas.     

Effects of fulvic acid on aggregation,sedimentation, and adsorption of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental behavior, bioavailability, and risks posed by Fe3O4, magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) in surface waters are affected by complex...     

富里酸对针铁矿吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响机理

为研究复杂三元体系中FA(fulvic acid,富里酸)对针铁矿吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响,探究FA对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)在环境中迁移转化的作用机理,通过改变FA的添加顺序及添加量,系统研究了FA存在时Cr(Ⅵ)在针铁矿上的吸附行为.结果表明:不添加FA时,离子强度增大促进了针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附;ρ(FA)为50 mg/L时,离子强度增加会抑制针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附.pH为6.98、离子强度为1.0 mol/L时,针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量比不添加FA时高11.0%.pH为2.98时,添加FA后针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量最大,比不添加FA时高31.9%.无论是否添加FA,升温均有利于针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附,其吸附机理可能是氢键、偶极间力等作用.FA的添加顺序对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量的影响表现为后添加FA>先添加FA>同时添加FA>对照.研究显示,FA的存在能显著改变针铁矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为.