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煤层气勘探开发和利用的环境影响分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
煤层气是煤层中自生自储的一种非常规天然气,其成分主要是甲烷。与煤和石油比较,煤层气是一种清洁能源,因此加快煤层气的开发和利用,能改善能源结构,缓和能源紧张状况,减少环境污染。根据煤层气的特点,详细分析了其对于大气环境、水环境以及土壤、植物的影响因素后指出:开发利用煤层气对大气环境的影响利大于弊,而对水体、土壤、农作物等则产生一系列不利影响。 相似文献
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人工湿地作为一种高效率、低投资、低运行费用、低能耗的污水处理技术,越来越受到世界各国的关注。随着人工湿地的不断推广与应用,堵塞是影响其应用和推广的主要因素之一。湿地发生堵塞后,基质的渗透系数会急剧下降,过水能力也随之降低,大量引入湿地系统的污水直接雍积在湿地表面,长期积水引发恶臭、导致蚊蝇滋生,恶化运行环境。本文通过对人工湿地运行过程中出现的填料堵塞机理与特点进行分析,归纳和总结了人工湿地堵塞的影响因素,提出了人工湿地堵塞相应的解决措施,提高人工湿地对污水的处理效果,以期能够为人工湿地的应用及推广提供参考。 相似文献
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使用RCFP-IC对南京市不同污染状况下PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子的观测分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文使用大气细颗粒物快速捕集系统及化学成分在线分析系统(RCFP-IC)和美国热电污染气体分析系统(EMS系统)对2013年11月16日—12月10日南京地区PM2.5中主要水溶性离子和污染气体进行了观测分析,并结合气象要素数据分析了灰霾天PM2.5中主要水溶性离子的污染特征.结果表明:不同污染条件下PM2.5中水溶性离子分布差异较大,清洁天浓度最大的6种离子排序为SO2-4NO-3NH+4Cl-NO-2K+,霾天(11月20—24日)和雾-霾天(12月1—8日)前6种离子排序分别是SO2-4NH+4NO-3NO-2Cl-K+和NO-3SO2-4NH+4Cl-NO-2K+.受污染源和化学反应的日变化影响,不同离子的日变化特征不同.污染天NO-3、SO2-4和NH+4的浓度是干净天的2.8~5.0倍.不同水溶性离子对能见度的影响不同. 相似文献
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为了揭示冬季滨海湿地植被收割对其沉积物中温室气体释放的影响,以长江入海口典型滨海湿地——崇明东滩为研究对象,观测季节性(冬季)植被收割(分别于收割后第0天、第10天、第30天、第60天采样)与不收割条件下芦苇(Phragmites australis)、米草(Spartina alterniflora)、芦苇-米草交互带和光滩沉积物中CO2与N2O的释放特征.结果表明:1米草和芦苇-米草交互带植被收割并未增加沉积物中CO2的释放(P0.05),但芦苇收割可能会增加N2O的释放(P0.05),说明植被收割对湿地沉积物中CO2和N2O释放的影响与植被类型密切相关.2与芦苇带相比,米草和芦苇-米草交互带沉积物中CO2累积释放量分别高出12%~57%和17%~43%,但芦苇植被覆盖下沉积物中N2O累积释放量分别比二者高出11%~81%和8%~95%.可见,米草和芦苇-米草交互带沉积物碳的呼吸损失明显高于芦苇带,但芦苇植被覆盖下沉积物中N2O逸失量相对较高.34种植被类型下,沉积物中N2O累积释放量为0.1~0.4 mg/kg,CO2累积释放量则高达1 024~2 645 mg/kg.因此,冬季滨海湿地植被收割不会显著增加N2O的温室效应,但选择性收割米草有望减少沉积物碳的呼吸损失. 相似文献
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Xuan Zhang Honglei Jiang Yaozong Zhang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):4693-4704
A data matrix, obtained during a 3-year monitoring period (2007–2009) from 45 sampling sites in Hong Kong marine, was subjected to determine the spatial characterization and identify the sources of main pollutants. Indicator analyses indicated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nickel, manganese, and arsenic (As) were at safe levels. Five heavy metals (zinc, lead, cupper, cadmium, chromium (Cr)) were moderate to severe enrichment at some sites. Inner Deep Bay and Victoria Harbor were considered as hot spots for PAHs and the heavy metals, while Tolo Harbor was highly polluted by the heavy metals. Cluster analysis classified the 45 sampling sites into three groups, representing different pollution levels. Principal component analysis/factor analysis identified four principal components (PCs) and explained 84.9 % of the total variances, standing for persistent pollution, N factor, P and Cr factor, and As factor, respectively. Group A was highly polluted by persistent pollution, group B was the less polluted group, and subgroup B1 was less affected by PC3 and PC4 than subgroup B2. Group C, considered as the moderately polluted group, was greatly affected by N factor or persistent pollution, while subgroup C2 received more N pollution than subgroup C1. 相似文献
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Size distributions of aerosol and water-soluble ions in Nanjing during a crop residual burning event 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To investigate the impact on urban air pollution by crop residual burning outside Nanjing, aerosol concentration, pollution gas concentration, mass concentration, and water-soluble ion size distribution were observed during one event of November 4-9, 2010. Results show that the size distribution of aerosol concentration is bimodal on pollution days and normal days, with peak values at 60-70 and 200-300 nm, respectively. Aerosol concentration is 104 cm-3. nm-1 on pollution days. The peak value of spectrum distribution of aerosol concentration on pollution days is 1.5-3.3 times higher than that on a normal day. Crop residual burning has a great impact on the concentration of fine particles. Diurnal variation of aerosol concentration is trimodal on pollution days and normal days, with peak values at 03:00, 09:00 and 19:00 local standard time. The first peak is impacted by meteorological elements, while the second and third peaks are due to human activities, such as rush hour traffic. Crop residual burning has the greatest impact on SO2 concentration, followed by NO2, O3 is hardly affected. The impact of crop residual burning on fine particles (< 2.1 μm) is larger than on coarse particles (> 2.1 μm), thus ion concentration in fine particles is higher than that in coarse particles. Crop residual burning leads to similar increase in all ion components, thus it has a small impact on the water-soluble ions order. Crop residual burning has a strong impact on the size distribution of K+, Cl-, Na+, and F- and has a weak impact on the size distributions of NH4+, Ca2+, NO3- and SO42-. 相似文献