Concentrations,properties, and health risk of PM2.5 in the Tianjin City subway system

A campaign was conducted to assess and compare the personal exposure in L3 of Tianjin subway, focusing on PM_2.5 levels, chemical compositions, morphology analysis, as well as the health risk of heavy metal in PM_2.5. The results indicated that the average concentration of the PM_2.5 was 151.43 μg/m³ inside the train of the subway during rush hours. PM_2.5 concentrations inside car under the ground are higher than those on the ground, and PM_2.5 concentrations on the platform are higher than those inside car. Regarding metal concentrations, the highest element in PM_2.5 samples was Fe; the level of which is 17.55 μg/m³. OC is a major component of PM_2.5 in Tianjin subway. Secondary organic carbon is the formation of gaseous organic pollutants in subway. SEM–EDX and TEM–EDX exhibit the presence of individual particle with a large metal content in the subway samples. For small Fe metal particles, iron oxide can be formed easily. With regard to their sources, Fe-containing particles are generated mainly from mechanical wear and friction processes at the rail–wheel–brake interfaces. The non-carcinogenic risk to metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb, and carcinogenic hazard of Cr and Ni were all below the acceptable level in L3 of Tianjin subway.

     

危险化学品废物销毁设施的通风设计

中国目前还没有危险化学品废物销毁装置的通风设计范例,文章在参考美国标准和中日两国关于日遗化武销毁设施磋商初步成果的基础上,提出了危险化学品废物销毁设施通风的设计思路及污染控制要求。     

猪场废水生产微生物絮凝剂发酵特性及动力学特征

以猪场废水作为原材料生产微生物絮凝剂,考察了发酵过程中溶解氧(DO)、COD、氨氮、总磷及pH值的变化规律,利用Logistic和Luedeking-Piret模型对絮凝菌生长和代谢产物生成的动力学过程进行了拟合.结果显示,菌体的生长在0~60h是对数生长期,12~36h菌体快速生长,菌体干重、细胞浓度OD600和菌落数分别由0.09g/L,0.26和1.3×107cfu迅速增加到0.76g/L,0.58和3.5×107cfu,稳定期(66h)菌落数达到5×107cfu.絮凝菌代谢产物的主要絮凝活性成分是蛋白质,与菌体生长呈相关型.猪场废水中磷源含量充足,作为缓冲液,基本维持了絮凝菌发酵过程中pH值的恒定.此外,Logistic和Luedeking-Piret模型的拟合结果能够较好地描述絮凝菌生长和代谢产物生成的动力学过程.     

温度、光照和磷酸盐脉冲输入对三角褐指藻的交互影响

研究了光照和温度联合作用下磷酸盐脉冲输入对三角褐指藻生长的影响.结果表明随着温度的升高,磷酸盐脉冲输入频率对三角褐指藻生长的影响趋于显著,连续添加磷酸盐和低频脉冲更有利于三角褐指藻快速增长,但较高的光照强度[125μmol/(m2×s)]和较高的温度(18℃、25℃)同时作用将抑制三角褐指藻的磷酸盐吸收能力.研究证实了温度、光照和脉冲对三角褐指藻的生长存在交互影响.     

Application of (31P) NMR in Analyzing the Degradation Efficiency of Organic Phosphorus Degrading-Bacteria

HPLC and HPLC-MS are the fastest and most accurate techniques for analysis of organic phosphorus pesticide (OPP) at the present time. Using these techniques, 14 strains of methamidopho (MAP) degrading-bacteria from the area contaminated with MAP have been identified. The results from HPLC and HPLC-MS analyses showed that the highest degradation rate was 73% after 7 days. In order to determine what metabolites will be formed after degradation, a key issue that has been neglected for a long time, we used (³¹P) NMR to track the degradation process. The results showed that different strains produced different metabolites. Ten strains were divided into three groups (groups A, B and C) by their metabolic profiling. Strains in group A degraded MAP into phosphor acid by breaking down all P–N, P–O and P–S bonds in 7 days. Strains in groups B and C had only broken down partially P–N and P–S bonds at the same time. Therefore, the bacterial strains in group A had a greater application potential than the other two groups. In addition, most metal phosphates are unsolvable in water. The analysis of X-ray showed, that the phosphate radicals generated by bacterial degradation induce crystallogenesis of heavy metal salts in water phase and also cause the chemical sedimentation of their crystals. Furthermore, these crystals are hydrogen phosphates. The results suggested that the MAP-degrading bacteria could be used for cleaning up not only the organic phosphorous pesticide contamination but also the phosphorous and heavy metal contamination in water environment simultaneously.     

Antiandrogenic activity of pyrethroid pesticides and their metabolite in reporter gene assay

Many pesticides possess hormonal activity and have thus been classified as endocrine disruptors. Pyrethroids are commonly used pesticides worldwide, but little has been done to characterize their antiandrogenic activity potential. We tested three frequently encountered pyrethroids (fenvalerate, cypermethrin, permethrin) and their metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) for antiandrogenic and androgenic activity using a human androgen receptor (AR) mediated luciferase reporter gene assay in CV-1 African green monkey kidney cell. The assay displayed appropriate response to the known AR agonist 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone and AR antagonist nilutamide and flutamide. At 0.1mM, all the three tested pyrethroids significantly suppressed the luciferase expression. Further, their metabolite 3-PBA also showed antagonist activity. None of the test chemicals showed androgenic activity. Through the antiandrogenic pathways, exposure to certain pyrethroids may contribute to the damage of reproductive system. In conclusion, pyrethroid pesticides can act as antiandrogen in vitro, and metabolizing to 3-PBA cannot eliminate the antagonist activity. This result provides useful information for risk assessment of pyrethroid pesticides.     

Abiotic and biological mechanisms of nitric oxide removal from waste air in biotrickling filters

Nitric oxide (NO) may participate in the ozone layer depletion and forming of nitric acid. Abiotic and biological mechanisms of NO removal from waste gases were studied in a biotrickling filter. The abiotic NO removal rate in the biotrickling filter was estimated by a review of the literature. The abiotic and biological removals were also verified in the biotrickling filter. The result has shown that chemical oxidation and bionitrification were both involved in the NO removal. It was found that the NO removal in high concentration (approximately 1000 ppm or higher) was in large measure the result of abiotic removal in both gas-phase and liquid-phase reactions. When NO concentration is low (less than approximately 100 ppm), bionitrification was the main process in the NO removal process in the biotrickling filter.     

辽河浮游植物群落及生物多样性基准验证

为建立中国水环境生态学基准体系,并验证其合理性,于2011和2012年夏季,对辽河水系浮游植物群落结构特征进行了调查,并结合所收集到的资料,初步验证了辽河水系浮游植物生物多样性基准值的合理性.两次采样共检出6门169种及变种;细胞密度均值分别为4.91×106,7.04×106个/L,优势类群为硅藻和绿藻.共检出污染指示种59种,其中乙型中污指示种最多,为53种;检出优势种35种,主要为硅藻.综合各生物指标显示辽河水系夏季为富营养型中度污染水体.Shannon指数(H)在1.18~3.56之间,均未达到本文参考的基准值3.65,分析结果显示用于计算基准值所选取的参照点较为合适,通过分析辽河水系及我国其他一些河流的Shannon指数与水质状况,初步认为,该基准值偏高,建议辽河水系设定基准值的下限H=3.29.