近岸海域水质目标考核评价方法研究

为满足《水污染防治行动计划》近岸海域水质考核要求,根据目前近岸海域环境监测工作的实际情况,在考核范围、评价方法、目标分解、计分方法等方面进行了比较,在保证公平、公正的前提下,以一致性、可比性和适应性为原则,提出的考核评价方法以单因子评价法和点位评价法为基础,在未达标情况下,按照水质目标完成比例计分;达标情况下,在达标分值基础上按水质的保持和改善给予不同程度的加分,通过实例研究分析能够适应近岸海域水质状况变化的考核工作要求。     

Probability of intellectual disability is associated with soil concentrations of arsenic and lead

Background

The association between metals in water and soil and adverse child neurologic outcomes has focused on the singular effect of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As). This study describes the complex association between soil concentrations of As combined with Pb and the probability of intellectual disability (ID) in children.

Methods

We used a retrospective cohort design with 3988 mother child pairs who were insured by Medicaid and lived during pregnancy and early childhood in South Carolina between 1/1/97 and 12/31/02. The children were followed until 6/1/08, using computerized service files, to identify the diagnosis of ID in medical records and verified by either school placement or disability service records. The soil was sampled using a uniform grid and analyzed for eight metals. The metal concentrations were interpolated using Bayesian Kriging to estimate concentration at individual residences.

Results

The probability of ID increased for increasing concentrations of As and Pb in the soil. The Odds Ratio for ID, for one unit change in As was 1.130 (95% confidence interval 1.048-1.218) for Pb was 1.002 (95% confidence interval 1.000-1.004). We identified effect modification for the infants based on their birth weight for gestational age status and only infants who were normal size for their gestational age had increased probability of ID based on the As and Pb soil concentrations (OR for As at normal weight for gestational age = 1.151 (95% CI: 1.061-1.249) and OR for Pb at normal for gestational age = 1.002 (95% CI: 1.002-1.004)). For normal weight for gestational age children when As = 22 mg kg⁻¹ and Pb = 200 mg kg⁻¹ the risk for ID was 11% and when As = 22 mg kg⁻¹and Pb = 400 mg kg⁻¹ the probability of ID was 65%.

Conclusion

The probability of ID is significantly associated with the interaction between Pb and As for normal weight for gestational age infants.     

提高环评报告书质量加快浙江省环境影响评价有效性建设

影响环境影响评价(EIA)有效性的因素较多．如相应的政策法规、管理机制和技术的正确性等。文章从环评技术角度出发,以抽样选取的浙江省1997～2001年间完成的100本环评报告书(EIS)为统计对象．按建设项目环保审批6项原则为依据,从产业政策符合性、选址与总图布局合理性、清洁生产、达标排放、总量控制、区域环境质量可达性等方面进行分析．评估了浙江省EIA有效性,探讨了目前EIA中存在的问题及原冈,提出了一些提高EIS质量、加快浙江省EIA有效性建设的建议     

基于神经网络的跨越地裂缝框架结构地震损伤及预测研究∗

为开展特殊地质环境下结构的损伤分析,以一跨越西安f4地裂缝的五层框架结构为研究对象,基于振动台试验和ABAQUS 有限元分析结果,进行了BP 神经网络模型的模型训练,选取变形和能量组合形式的双参数损伤模型计算结构损伤指标,采用加权系数法,开展了构件、楼层、结构三个层面的损伤预测分析,给出了不同地震作用下结构损伤程度评估。结果表明：地裂缝场地结构表现出明显上下盘效应,结构首层为薄弱层。BP 神经网络损伤预测值与有限元计算值在不同工况下均较为一致,其对于构件、层间、整体结构损伤指数预测最大误差分别为8.86%、5.66%、7.57%,该研究成果为跨越地裂缝结构的性能评估提供一种准确且高效的研究方法。     

不同生境来源硝化细菌群对氨氮的去除性能

硝化细菌是微生物脱氮的关键功能菌群之一,筛选优质硝化细菌对于强化微生物脱氮具有重要意义.将河流沉积物、土壤自然环境和市场售人为环境3种生境来源的硝化细菌功能进行比较研究,并利用分子生物学手段分析了硝化细菌群落结构.结果表明,沉积物生境中硝化细菌的活性以及耐氨氮、pH和盐度等环境因子的能力高于土壤和市售硝化细菌.利用MP...     

Identification of water quality management policy of watershed system with multiple uncertain interactions using a multi-level-factorial risk-inference-based possibilistic-probabilistic programming approach

In this study, a multi-level-factorial risk-inference-based possibilistic-probabilistic programming (MRPP) method is proposed for supporting water quality management under multiple uncertainties. The MRPP method can handle uncertainties expressed as fuzzy-random-boundary intervals, probability distributions, and interval numbers, and analyze the effects of uncertainties as well as their interactions on modeling outputs. It is applied to plan water quality management in the Xiangxihe watershed. Results reveal that a lower probability of satisfying the objective function (θ) as well as a higher probability of violating environmental constraints (q _i ) would correspond to a higher system benefit with an increased risk of violating system feasibility. Chemical plants are the major contributors to biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP) discharges; total nitrogen (TN) would be mainly discharged by crop farming. It is also discovered that optimistic decision makers should pay more attention to the interactions between chemical plant and water supply, while decision makers who possess a risk-averse attitude would focus on the interactive effect of q _i and benefit of water supply. The findings can help enhance the model’s applicability and identify a suitable water quality management policy for environmental sustainability according to the practical situations.

     

无电晕式静电除尘器新型材料电发射特性试验研究

在不同的温度和电压条件下,对自行开发的新型阴极分别在不同的介质中进行了静态和动态试验研究。研究发现,阴极的发射电流密度随着温度和电压的升高而增大;高压有利于动态条件下电子发射;在静态实验条件下的发射电流密度要比动态实验条件下大很多,这主要是由于阴极发生中毒以及离子迁移率的减小造成的,烟气中的粉尘也对阴极的电子发射有一定的影响。     

再生混凝土粗集料的基本性能试验研究

对再生混凝土粗集料(d≥5mm)的基本性能进行较为系统的试验和研究,主要内容包括相对粗糙度、表观密度、吸水率、含泥量、洛杉矶磨耗、压碎值和坚固性等,并将其与普通混凝土粗集料的相关性能进行对比分析,以寻找它们之间的差异,为废弃混凝土在道路工程中的应用提供参考。     

常态化疫情防控背景下区域应急医疗物资选址-分配模型*

在常态化疫情防控背景下,为避免本土病例造成区域不同需求主体防护物资短缺问题,构建最小化医院物资集散点需求未满足率加权和、最大化物资购买集中点分配公平性的储备库选址-分配模型,并基于某市相关数据,利用改进的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）进行仿真研究。结果表明:某市应选择储备库数目为5,在物资分配时考虑物资防护等级要求,可减少医院物资集散点物资浪费,增加物资购买集中点获得量。     

电除尘器在气烧石灰竖窑炉顶高温烟气除尘中的应用

气烧石灰竖窑炉顶高温烟气除尘 ,采用静电除尘工艺 ,除尘效果明显 ,只要设计合理 ,可应用于气烧石灰竖窑炉顶高温烟气石灰粉尘治理中。