改性高炉渣对甲基橙的吸附

以盐酸和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对包钢高炉渣进行表面改性,通过XRD、SEM和N2吸附-脱附测试研究其微观结构和孔径分布,并以阴离子型染料甲基橙溶液为模拟染料废水研究其吸附性能,进而探索最佳改性制备条件。研究结果表明：有机改性高炉渣主要化学成分为SiO2,表面有明显的孔道结构,比表面积高达394.5 m2·g-1,平均孔径为12.4 nm;有机改性高炉渣对甲基橙溶液均具有较强的吸附性能,最佳改性条件为加入改性剂盐酸浓度为3 mol·L-1、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的最终投加浓度为8 g·L-1、水热温度160 ℃和16 h,此时所制备的有机改性高炉渣吸附性能最强,吸附率为98.06%,最大吸附量达357.14 mg·g-1。等温吸附实验表明,有机改性高炉渣对甲基橙溶液的吸附属于多分子层吸附。     

蚕豆根尖细胞微核对金属冶炼厂排污水的监测

以蒸馏水、自来水和矿泉水处理为阴性对照,以不同浓度的NaN3、HgCl2、Pb2++Zn2++Cd2+复合处理为阳性对照。用蚕豆根尖细胞微核法对重金属冶炼厂排污水、污染源附近湖水进行检测评价。结果表明,重金属冶炼厂排污水、污染源附近湖水的水样均使蚕豆根尖细胞微核率增加;蚕豆根尖细胞微核监测与化学检测基本一致,将重金属冶炼厂排污水、污染源附近湖水分为三种程度,重污染、中度污染和轻污染。     

Photochemical Smog Modelling Using the Air Pollution Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM) in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam

Environmental Modeling & Assessment - This paper describes the application of the air pollution model (TAPM-CTM) for photochemical airshed modelling in the Ho Chi Minh region. The model was...     

Using of “pseudo-second-order model” in adsorption

A research paper's contribution exists not only in its originality and creativity but also in its continuity and development for research that follows. However, the author easily ignores it. Citation error and quotation error occurred very frequently in a scientific paper. Numerous researchers use secondary references without knowing the original idea from authors. Sulaymon et al. (Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:3011–3023, 2013) and Spiridon et al. (Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:6367–6381, 2013) presented wrong pseudo-second-order models in Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 20. This comment pointed the errors of the kinetic models and offered information for citing original idea of pseudo-second-order kinetic expression. In order to stop the proliferation of the mistake, it is suggested to cite the original paper for the kinetic model which provided greater accuracy and more details about the kinetic expression.     

The implementation of a measurement system for brushless DC motor parameters

Most of the energy conversion in industrial devices and equipment is completed by the motor. The acquirement of motor parameters becomes very important for designing the motor drives. The aim of this paper is to design and implement a motor measurement system. Through the processing of an Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) microcontroller, the various parameters of motors such as input voltage, input current, input power, motor speed, and motor torque can be obtained. Consequently, the torque constant, load torque, viscous friction, and the inertia of the motor are calculated and achieved. The motor parameters can be commanded and displayed in the designed human interface of a PC via USB communication. The hardware system designed in this system includes an ARM microcontroller, an inverter, a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a torque sensor, and power supply. The software programming is developed under the Visual Studio 2012 environment development platform using the C language. Finally, the prototype of the motor measurement system is completed and verified. The experimental results for the motor parameters and torque/speed characteristic are demonstrated and show the feasibility of the complete designed system.     

A validated 2-D diffusion–advection model for prediction of drift from ground boom sprayers

Correct field drift prediction is a key element in environmental risk assessment of spraying applications. A reduced order drift prediction model based on the diffusion–advection equation is presented. It allows fast assessment of the drift potential of specific ground boom applications under specific environmental wind conditions that obey the logarithmic wind profile. The model was calibrated based on simulations with a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Validation of both models against 38 carefully conducted field experiments is successfully performed for distances up to 20 m from the field edge, for spraying on flat pasture land. The reduced order model succeeded in correct drift predictions for different nozzle types, wind velocities, boom heights and spray pressures. It used 4 parameters representing the physical aspects of the drift cloud; the height of the cloud at the field edge, the mass flux crossing the field edge, the settling velocity of the droplets and the turbulence. For the parameter set and range considered, it is demonstrated for the first time that the effect of the droplet diameter distribution of the different nozzle types on the amount of deposition spray drift can be evaluated by a single parameter, i.e., the volume fraction of droplets with a diameter smaller than 191 μm. The reduced order model can be solved more than 4 orders of magnitude faster than the comprehensive CFD model.     

The Shape Memory Properties of Biodegradable Chitosan/Poly(l-lactide) Composites

The shape memory behavior of PLLA (poly(l-lactide)) and chitosan/PLLA composites was studied. PLLA and chitosan were compounded to fabricate novel materials which may have biodegradability and biocompatibility. Chitosan does not significantly affect the glass and melting transition temperature of the PLLA. Both the pure PLLA and chitosan/PLLA composites showed shape memory effect arising from the viscoelastic properties of PLLA comprised of semi crystalline structures. The shape recovery ratio of the chitosan/PLLA composites decreased significantly with increasing chitosan contents due to the incompatibility between PLLA and chitosan. Phase separation structures of the composites were observed by using atomic force microscopy. To obtain good shape memory effect, the chitosan content should be below 15 wt%.     

STOCHASTIC WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS USING RELIABILITY METHOD1

ABSTRACT: This study developed a QUAL2E‐Reliability Analysis (QUAL2E‐RA) model for the stochastic water quality analysis of the downstream reach of the main Han River in Korea. The proposed model is based on the QUAL2E model and incorporates the Advanced First‐Order Second‐Moment (AFOSM) and Mean‐Value First‐Order Second‐Moment (MFOSM) methods. After the hydraulic characteristics from standard step method are identified, the optimal reaction coefficients are then estimated using the Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (BFGS) method. Considering variations in river discharges, pollutant loads from tributaries, and reaction coefficients, the violation probabilities of existing water quality standards at several locations in the river were computed from the AFOSM and MFOSM methods, and the results were compared with those from the Monte Carlo method. The statistics of the three uncertainty analysis methods show that the outputs from the AFOSM and MFOSM methods are similar to those from the Monte Carlo method. From a practical model selection perspective, the MFOSM method is more attractive in terms of its computational simplicity and execution time.     

Advancing the use of an innovative cleanup technology: Case study of Lasagna™

Originated from a recognized need for significantly more effective technologies for soil cleanup, the Lasagna^TM project provides an interesting case study in which industry, government, and academia successfully collaborated to rapidly advance the technology from the laboratory to the field. Called Lasagna^TM because of its layered configurations, the technology combines electrically induced contaminant transport in soils, treatment in place, and geotechnical methods to achieve completely in situ clean-up of contaminated soils. Experiences with respect to the partnership, the development of technology and its current commercialization status are described.