Effect of Fenton treatment on the aquatic toxicity of bisphenol A in different water matrices

Battery tests serve as integral tools to decide whether a treatment process is ecotoxicologically safe or not. In the present study, a battery of toxicity tests was employed to elucidate the toxicity of the potential endocrine-disrupting pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) and its advanced oxidation products. For this purpose, BPA was subjected to Fenton treatment in the growth medium of the test organisms employed as well as in real lake water. Treatment results indicated that BPA removals were fast and complete within less than a minute, whereas total organic carbon (TOC) removals were rather incomplete, speaking for the accumulation of refractory degradation products. The presence of chloride and/or natural organic matter influenced H₂O₂ consumption rates and the treatment performance of the Fenton’s reagent as well. The sensitivity of the selected test organisms for BPA and its Fenton treatment products in different water matrices was found in the following decreasing order: the freshwater microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) > the freshwater cladoceran (Daphnia magna) > marine photobacteria (Vibrio fischeri).     

Acute and chronic toxicity of veterinary antibiotics to Daphnia magna

The acute and chronic toxicity of nine antibiotics used both therapeutically and as growth promoters in intensive farming was investigated on the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. The effect of the antibiotics metronidazole (M), olaquindox (OL), oxolinic acid (OA), oxytetracycline (OTC), streptomycin (ST), sulfadiazine (SU), tetracycline (TC), tiamulin (TI) and tylosin (TY) was tested in accordance to the ISO (1989) and OECD (1996) standard procedures. The acute toxicities (48-h EC50 value, mg/l) in decreasing order were OA (4.6), TI (40), SU (221), ST (487), TY (680) and OTC (approximately 1000). NOECs were 340 mg/l for TC and 1000 mg/l for M and OL. Toxic effect on reproduction occurred generally at concentrations, which were one order of magnitude below the acute toxic levels. The chronic toxicity (EC50 values, mg/l) in the D. magna reproduction test in decreasing order were TI (5.4), SU (13.7), TC (44.8) and OTC (46.2). The NOECs (mg/l) obtained in the reproduction test with OA, ST, TY and M were 0.38 for OA, 32 for ST, 45 for TY and 250 for M. The observed toxicity of OA to D. magna indicates that this substance, which is a commonly used feed additive in fish farms, has a potential to cause adverse effects on the aquatic environment.     

低C/N比污水生物脱氮所需外加碳源量的确定

利用中试规模实验装置,探讨了现有活性污泥工艺改造成间歇曝气生物脱氮工艺的实践中,碳氮比(C/N)对废水生物脱氮效率、脱氮反应速度的影响,分析了脱氮容量,确定了所需外加碳源量.      

污泥基生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷及微生物群落结构的影响

为考察污泥基生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响,以餐厨垃圾为基质,设置4种不同接种比(inoculum to substrate ratio, ISR)的批次实验,以得到不同酸化程度的厌氧消化体系;检测空白组、餐厨垃圾对照组和生物炭实验组的产甲烷情况和微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明:当ISR=2时,生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效果不明显;当ISR=0.5时,生物炭使其停滞期缩短28.9%左右;ISR越小,生物炭对酸化停滞时间缩短以及产甲烷速率提高的效果越明显。同时,生物炭可以促进Chloroflex,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes的生长,从而提高厌氧消化中间产物的产生。当ISR较大时,厌氧消化系统的产甲烷途径以乙酸利用型为主,投加生物炭可以促进乙酸型产甲烷;随着ISR减小,产甲烷途径有逐渐向氢利用型转变的趋势,同时Methanosacrina逐渐替代Methanosaeta利用乙酸产甲烷。本研究结果可为污泥基生物炭在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的实际应用提供参考。