Monitoring of Phenol in Wastewater Bioremediation by HPLC

Bioremediation emphasizes the detoxification and destruction of toxic substances by microorganisms. Wastewater obtained from an industrial concern was solvent extracted with methyl alcohol and dichloromethane and analysed by GC/MS. Besides phenol, a large variety of organic compounds were detected. Under controlled laboratory conditions, the wastewater was innoculated with a mixed culture of microorganisms specially selected for their abilities to degrade phenol. Samples were collected at regular intervals from the stirred tank bioreactor and analysed for phenol by reverse phase HPLC with a C18 column. Results shows that from an initial phenol concentration of 987 ppm, slightly more than 50% was destroyed within 163 hours. The dry weight of the microorganisms and the plate count (CFU/ml) shows a steady increase from 0.5238 gms to 0.5355 gms and from 1.1E+9 to 1.94E+13 respectively over the same period. This suggested that the phenol was consumed by the microorganisms as the sole carbon source.     

Small-scale fisheries,population dynamics,and resource use in Africa: the case of Moree,Ghana

We consider population dynamics and sustainable use and development of fishery resources in Moree, a small-scale fishing and coastal community of 20,000 people in the Central Region of Ghana near Cape Coast. Moree suggests that relationships between population dynamics and fishery resources are more complex than the concept of Malthusian overfishing implies. Reasons include changing biophysical characteristics of the upwelling system along the coast of West Africa; qualitative as well as quantitative changes in fishing activity throughout the year; the market nature of fishing activity and nonlocal demands for fish; regular fishery migration; and institutions regulating fishery resource access at home and at migration destinations. Population and resource relationships in Moree may be the effects of fishery resource and economic changes on migration rather than population pressure on fishery resources. Fisheries management policies must take into account processes that lie beyond the influence of local fishermen.     

非洲的小规模渔业、人口动态和资源利用--以加纳莫里为例

我们研究莫里的人口动态和渔业资源的开发和持续利用问题.莫里是加纳中部靠近海岸角的一个有2万人口的以捕鱼为生的小镇.莫里的情况说明人口动态和渔业资源之间的关系要比"马尔萨斯过度捕捞说"复杂得多.这其中的原因包括:西非沿岸上升流不断变化的生物物理特征;全年中捕捞活动性质和数量上的变化;市场状况和鱼产品的异地需求;捕捞活动有规律的迁移以及规范当地和迁移目的地渔业资源使用的制度.莫里的人口和资源的关系可能是渔业资源和经济变化影响了人口迁移而不是人口压力影响了渔业资源.渔业管理政策必须考虑当地渔民影响之外的过程和因素.