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An efficient, reproducible and rapid fused silica capillary column gas chromatographic method, in splitless mode, for analysing of the three chloroanthracene isomers is described. The method affords efficient separation and good linearity for each isomer in the range of 0.2 -200 μg/ml. The method can also be used in separation and determination of another thirty three aromatic and their halosubstituted compounds. This paper also presents the applications of the method in analysing of complex products mixture from reaction of the selected aromatic compounds with hydrogen chloride on fly ash surface from municipal incinerator. 相似文献
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The controlled pyrolysis of polyethylene/polypropylene/polystyrene mixed with brominated high-impact polystyrene containing decabromodiphenyl ether as a brominated flame-retardant with antimony trioxide as a synergist was performed. The effect of decabromodiphenyl ether and antimony trioxide on the formation of its congeners and their effect on distribution of pyrolysis products were investigated. The controlled pyrolysis significantly affected the decomposition behavior and the formation of products. Analysis with gas chromatograph with electron capture detector confirmed that the bromine content was rich in step 1 (oil 1) liquid products leaving less bromine content in the step 2 (oil 2) liquid products. In the presence of antimony containing samples, the major portion of bromine was observed in the form of antimony bromide and no flame-retardant species were found in oil 1. In the presence of synergist, the step 1 and step 2 oils contain both light and heavy compounds. In the absence of synergist, the heavy compounds in step 1 oil and light compounds in step 2 oils were observed. The presence of antimony bromide was confirmed in the step 1 oils but not in step 2 oils. 相似文献
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Yip Hing Lum Azizah Shaaban Nona Merry M. Mitan Mohd Fairuz Dimin Noraiham Mohamad Nadiah Hamid Sian Meng Se 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(4):1083-1087
The influence of the blending ratio of biodegradable starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol in encapsulating urea has been investigated. It is found that water absorption capacity increased approximately 135 % as the amounts of starch, PVA and glycerol in the composite film increase. Therefore, the swell ability of the composite film is increased and the urea is released from the composite film in the wet environment. The FTIR shows that the urea had been encapsulated successfully in the composite films. Moreover, the soil burial biodegradation results indicated that the biodegradability of the starch/PVA/glycerol/urea composite film strongly depended on the PVA proportion in the composite film matrix. The DSC results show that the higher the amount of PVA in the composite film, the less change of the melting enthalpy value. The crystalline region of PVA remains after biodegradation. 相似文献
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Thallada Bhaskar Nona Merry M. Mitan Jude A. Onwudili Akinori Muto Paul T. Williams Yusaku Sakata 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(4):332-340
Pyrolysis of brominated flame retardant-containing high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) was performed at 430°C in the presence
of 0.1 wt% of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in a Pyrex glass reactor. Two different types of brominated flame retardants
(decabromodiphenyl ether and decabromodiphenyl ethane) with or without antimony trioxide (as synergist) 5 wt% were used. The
presence of PET had a significant effect on the material balance, decreasing the gaseous product and increasing the residue.
The type of flame retardant had no effect on the yield of liquid product; however, the presence of Sb resulted in a marked
difference in the distribution of decomposition products. Analysis by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization
detector showed that the hydrocarbons were distributed in the range n-C7 to n-C25 with major peaks at n-C9 and n-C17. The presence of PET increased the formation of brominated compounds by several times and affected both the type and quantity
of polybrominated compounds. The liquid products obtained from the pyrolysis of HIPS-Br/PET have to be treated before they
can be used 相似文献
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水稻杂交后代表观直链淀粉质量分数与蜡质基因(CT)n微卫星多态性的相关性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以来自2 个水稻杂交组合的后代遗传群体为材料,研究了蜡质基因( Wx) 微卫星标记(CT)n 多态性与稻米表观直链淀粉质量分数( w(AA)) 之间的相关性. 第1 个群体是浙农8010 与嘉育293 的杂交F6 代育种品系,双亲均为籼稻,w(AA) 分别为8 .7% 和25.6 % ,Wx 基因型为分别为(CT)18(CT)18 和(CT)11(CT)11 .另一群体为CM101 与IGRA409 杂交F5 家系,亲本CM101 为一个粳型糯稻,Wx 基因型为(CT)18(CT)18 ;IGRA409 为籼稻,w(AA) = 27.5% ,Wx 基因型为(CT)11(CT)11 .结果发现,在2 个杂交组合的后代群体中,高w(AA) 材料Wx 基因型均为(CT)11(CT)11 ,低w(AA) 及糯稻的均为(CT)18(CT)18 ,中等w(AA) 材料的则为(CT)18(CT)11 的杂合体.统计分析表明,Wx 基因型与w(AA)之间存在显著的相关性,在浙农8010×嘉育293 和CM101 ×IGRA409 两个群体中相关系数分别达0 .9509 和0.9704. 相似文献
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Nona Merry M. Mitan Mihai Brebu Thallada Bhaskar Akinori Muto Yusaku Sakata Mitsuo Kaji 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):62-68
Waste DVDs and CDs were thermally degraded at 450°C by a semibatch process. In total, 40–50 wt% was converted into liquid
product that consisted of phenol derivatives (∼75 wt%), bisphenol (∼10 wt%) and its derivatives, and small amounts of aromatic
hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, dimethylbenzene, methylethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, and methylisopropyl
benzene. Degradation of the polycarbonate support from DVDs and CDs was enhanced by coprocessing with vegetable cooking oil,
the degradation of which gave a homologue series of hydrocarbons and organic acids with up to 25 and 18 atoms of carbon, respectively.
Silver from the reflective coating on DVDs and CDs remained in the solid residue, its concentration increasing about 2.5 times
compared to that of the original disks. 相似文献
7.
Nona Merry M. Mitan Mihai Brebu Thallada Bhaskar Akinori Muto Yusaku Sakata 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):56-61
Brominated high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br), which contained decabromodiphenyl ether flame retardant, and brominated acrylonitrile
butadiene styrene (ABS-Br), which contained bromine-containing epoxy-type flame retardant, were degraded at 450°C individually
and in a 1/1 mixture by a thermal and catalytic procedure using folded sheet mesoporous (FSM) and ZSM-5 zeolite in liquid
phase contact mode. The two polymers produced similar degradation oils but at a higher yield for HIPS-Br. However, the composition
and distribution of Br-, N-, and O-containing compounds depended on the type of flame retardant in HIPS-Br and ABS-Br. Multiphase
catalytic systems consisting of FSM in liquid phase contact mode and various CaH-, FeO-, CoMo-, and NiMo-based catalysts,
or combinations of these catalysts, in vapor phase contact mode were used to decrease the amount of heteroatoms (Br, N, and
O) in the degradation oils. Each system gave particular results in terms of mass balance and concentrations of heteroatoms.
A FSM (liquid phase contact)/CaHC (vapor phase contact) combination was the best catalytic system to remove Br-, N-, and O-containing
compounds from degradation oils. 相似文献
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Disposal of hair wastes at landfills causes nitrate leaching to ground water, and use of the waste as fertiliser could be a viable option. This study was to determine elemental composition of major hair types in South Africa and their nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release in soil. Wastes of African, White and Indian hair were obtained from local salons and analysed for carbon (C), N and sulphur (S) with the Leco CNS analyzer, and P, bases, aluminium (Al) and micronutrients, with the ICP. We also conducted an incubation study to determine changes in mineral N and P in soil. Hair wastes were added to soil at increasing rates based on N, incubated at 25 °C with destructive sampling after 0, 28, 56 and 84 days and pH, ammonium-N, nitrate-N and extractable P measured. All data were subjected to analysis of variance. Indian and White hair had higher N than African. White hair had higher C and lower potassium (K) than those of other types. The Fe levels in hair were in the order White > African > Indian, whilst those of Al were African > Indian > White. African hair had higher calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co) than the other types. Ammonium-N and nitrate-N releases were in the order: Indian > African > White, especially at higher rates. Ammonium-N increased in the first 28 days and declined thereafter, when nitrate-N increased and pH decreased. The findings implied that hair types differ in elemental composition and nitrogen release in soil, with implications on pollution and soil fertility. 相似文献
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