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Roger A. Baldwin Niamh Quinn David H. Davis Richard M. Engeman 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):5795-5802
Roof rats (Rattus rattus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are occasional pests of nut and tree fruit orchards throughout California and in many other parts of the USA and beyond. In general, the most practical and cost-effective control method for rodents in many agricultural environments is the use of rodenticides (toxic baits), but little or no information exists on the efficacy of current rodenticides in controlling roof rats and deer mice in orchards. Therefore, our goals were to develop an index of rodent activity to monitor efficacy of rodenticides and to subsequently test the efficacy of three California Department of Food and Agriculture rodenticide baits (0.005 % chlorophacinone treated oats, 0.005 % diphacinone treated oats, and 0.005 % diphacinone wax block) to determine their utility for controlling roof rats and deer mice in agricultural orchards. We determined that a general index using the number of roof rat photos taken at a minimum of a 5-min interval was strongly correlated to the minimum number known estimate of roof rats; this approach was used to monitor roof rat and deer mouse populations pre- and post-treatment. Of the baits tested, the 0.005 % diphacinone treated oats was most effective for both species; 0.005 % chlorophacinone grain was completely ineffective against roof rats. Our use of elevated bait stations proved effective at providing bait to target species and should substantially limit access to rodenticides by many non-target species. 相似文献
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Elie Gaget Alison Johnston Diego Pavón-Jordán Aleksi S. Lehikoinen Brett K. Sandercock Alaaeldin Soultan Luka Božič Preben Clausen Koen Devos Cristi Domsa Vitor Encarnação Sándor Faragó Niamh Fitzgerald Teresa Frost Clemence Gaudard Lívia Gosztonyi Fredrik Haas Menno Hornman Tom Langendoen Christina Ieronymidou Leho Luigujõe Włodzimierz Meissner Tibor Mikuska Blas Molina Zuzana Musilová Jean-Yves Paquet Nicky Petkov Danae Portolou Jozef Ridzoň Laimonas Sniauksta Antra Stīpniece Norbert Teufelbauer Johannes Wahl Marco Zenatello Jon E. Brommer 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13877
Protected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation-relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries. We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under the International Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites’ conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sites explicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly in response to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes were not affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increase inside late-designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate-driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to climate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds. 相似文献
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John P. Kent Kenneth J. Murphy Finian J. Bannon Niamh M. Hynes Thomas J. Hayden 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(7):763-770
Testosterone (T) concentrations in many species are sensitive to seasonal changes and to changes in social conditions. However,
the effect of the natural or endogenous T increase in the juvenile on their social behaviour is not well understood. In this
study, T and behaviour were measured from the pro-social juvenile to the adult stage in semi-feral domestic fowl. During the
pro-social phase T levels and the distance chicks maintained between each other, i.e. inter-individual distance (IID) were
low. Then, as T increased, a corresponding increase in IID occurred and continued in males until dispersal to individual adult
male territories. In the new and initially stable adult social structure, T declined and IID remained high, indicating a new
behavioural mechanism was in place. Males first mated as T levels were declining. They were then challenged; then T increased,
and then IID increased again. Adult male T levels fluctuate, being low or declining in a socially stable environment and increasing
following a challenge, suggesting a regulatory or modulating role for T. The results are consistent with T having an endogenous
role: in the juvenile, driving behavioural change towards adulthood, and in adulthood, a modulating role regulating social
organisation. 相似文献
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Coffey Rory Benham Brian Wolfe Mary Leigh Dorai-Raj Siobhán Bhreathnach Niamh O’Flaherty Vincent Cormican Martin Cummins Enda 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(7):2111-2128
Regional Environmental Change - This study applied catchment modeling to examine the potential effects of climate change and future land management variations on streamflow and microbial transport... 相似文献
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Abundance of denitrification genes under different peizometer depths in four Irish agricultural groundwater sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maria Barrett Mohammad M. R. Jahangir Changsoo Lee Cindy J. Smith Niamh Bhreathnach Gavin Collins Karl G. Richards Vincent O’Flaherty 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6646-6657
This study examined the relationship between the abundance of bacterial denitrifiers in groundwater at four sites, differing with respect to overlaying land management and peizometer depth. Groundwater was sourced from 36 multilevel piezometers, which were installed to target different groundwater zones: (1) subsoil, (2) subsoil to bedrock interface, and (3) bedrock. The gene copy concentrations (GCCs), as gene copies per liter, for bacterial 16S rRNA genes and the denitrifying functional genes, nirK, nirS, and nosZ, were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. The results were related to gaseous nitrogen emissions and to the physicochemical properties of the four sites. Overall, nirK and nirS abundance appeared to show no significant correlation to N2O production (P?=?0.9989; P?=?0.3188); and no significant correlation was observed between nosZ and excess N2 concentrations (P?=?0.0793). In the majority of piezometers investigated, the variation of nirK and nirS gene copy concentrations was considered significant (P?<?0.0001). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decreased with aquifer depth and ranged from 1.0–4.0 mg l?1, 0.9–2.4 mg l?1, and 0.8–2.4 mg l?1 within piezometers located in the subsoil, subsoil/bedrock interface, and bedrock depths, respectively. The availability of increasing DOC and the depth of the water table were positively correlated with increasing nir and nosZ GCCs (P?=?0.0012). A significant temporal correlation was noted between nirS and piezometer depth (P?<?0.001). Interestingly, the nirK, nirS, and nosZ GCCs varied between piezometer depths within specific sites, while GCCs remained relatively constant from site to site, thus indicating no direct impact of agricultural land management strategies investigated on denitrifier abundance. 相似文献
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Mimnagh Niamh Parnell Andrew Prado Estevão Moral Rafael de Andrade 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2022,29(4):755-778
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - We propose an extension of the N-mixture model that enables the estimation of abundances of multiple species as well as the correlations between them. Our... 相似文献
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