建立我国生态环境标准体系的初步构想

我国的生态环境标准极其薄弱，建立生态环境标准体系是我国生态环境保护的迫切需要。借鉴我国目前针对污染防治的环境标准体系，提出了我国生态环境标准体系的基本框架，以及生态环境标准制订的原则和重点。     

Human-dominated ecosystems and restoration ecology: Seveso today

Seveso is a town (40,000 inhabitants) 16 km north of Milan, which from 10 July 1976 became synonymous with the chemically induced ecological catastrophe because of the large number of people affected by dioxin exposure and of the large area involved. The most polluted area (about 43 ha) was artificially reconstructed and transformed into a wood composed mainly of oaks with some scattered green fields and some bushy areas, the Bosco delle Querce urban park. A four-year survey monitoring the present ecological and biological risk parameters of the artificially reconstructed ecosystem shows its full ecological recovery as an urban park. Plant and animal coenoses are well composed and the park has been colonized by annelids, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. All these animals are useful biological reagents for risk-assessment because of their potential long-term exposure to TCDD. When some of the endpoints of the xenoestrogen-like molecules' action were studied (i.e., gametogenesis and the gross morphology of genital organs in rabbits and house mice), no signs of TCDD effects were detected. Mutagenicity tests and the house mouse sperm DNA COMET assay do not reveal the presence of any biological risk. The study of the carabidocoenosis and the housefly cytogenetics corroborates this last indication, thus guaranteeing the successful ecological recovery of the formerly most polluted Seveso area.     

生态气象监测评估业务平台的设计与应用

  针对目前生态气象监测轨道业务的特点，结合工作的实际需要，运用C和C++语言建立了生态气象监测评估业务平台。在程序设计中，采用了生成中间交换文件的结构组织，能够对各模块的输出结果进行详尽直观的分析，并提供了等值线色斑图与区域填充等多种图形绘制方式。该系统可处理AVHRR和EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料，对气象观测报文进行解译、数据分类管理和质量控制，统计计算水体密度指数、湿润指数、植被覆盖指数、土地退化指数、灾害指数和生态质量综合评价指标，以图形、图像的形式输出生态气象监测评估产品，实现了卫星遥感与生态气象地面监测数据的有效组织和智能化管理。将系统应用于湖南省生态质量气象评价，业务化运行的结果表明，该系统具有较好的业务实用性。〖HJ1〗〖HJ〗
〖HT5”H〗     

江西武夷成矿带铜多金属矿产资源远景评价与展望

华南武夷山地区处于扬子、华夏两大构造单元交接叠加地段,构造变形复杂,中生代岩浆活动强烈,具有十分优越的成矿条件,矿产资源潜力巨大.本文以正在武夷山成矿带开展的矿产远景调查工作和资源评价工作所取得的阶段性成果为基础,分析了武夷山成矿带的成矿地质背景、主要矿床类型及近几年的找矿勘查成果,并对武夷成矿带江西省境内铜多金属矿产资源潜力进行了初步评价,划分了十七个找矿远景区.     

基于层次分析法的城市河流生态修复评估

城市的发展改变了许多河流的自然水文环境，并导致河流生态系统中水质、物理生境和生物完整性下降。评估受损河流水体修复的效果，需要结合物理、化学的参数，以及对生物结构、多样性和过程的影响。构建了包含河流水力、水质、水生生物、河岸带及物理结构5个方面15个指标的城市河流生态修复评估指标体系，运用群组决策的层次分析法(AHP)，确定了各指标的权重，重要性排序前5位依次为：水质污染指数、鱼类IBI、水源补给量、藻类多样性、透明度。并以我国南方城市岐江河整治修复状况为例进行综合评价，结果表明,河流生态系统修复评估结果为可以接受，体现了河流整治工程使河流水质、生态的状况有所改善，但河流生态系统恢复需要较长的周期，修复初期生态系统仍处于受损状态。〖     

接种不同普通活性污泥培养厌氧氨氧化污泥的研究

采用厌氧氨氧化反应器（ASBR）,分别以普通厌氧活性污泥、混合污泥、好氧活性污泥为种泥,通过对氨氮,NO2^--N等指标监测、分析及污泥颜色的观察,研究采用不同普通活性污泥为种泥启动ASBR的可行性及差异。结果表明．ASBR反应器A和B成功启动,C因反应器故障．启动失败。采用厌氧活性污泥为接种污泥（反应器A）,当进水N的容积负荷为kg／（m^3·d）时,氨氮平均去除率为14.4％。P（NO2^--N）：p（NH4^＋-N）变化量为1．24。采用混合污泥为接种污泥（反应器B）．N的容积负荷于前者相同时,氨氮去除率平均29．7％,p（NO2^--N）：p（NH4^＋-N）变化量为1．27。采用混合普通活性污泥作为种泥培养厌氧氨氧化污泥优于单一厌氧普通活性污泥。     

Fluoride content of Ethiopian khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing leaves

The levels of water soluble and total fluoride concentration in 11 different varieties of Ethiopian khat (Catha edulis Forsk, an evergreen stimulant plant) commonly consumed in the country and exported to the neighboring countries were determined by fluoride ion-selective electrode. Known amounts of fresh khat samples were suspended in deionized water, stirred, and the supernatants exposed to a chelator that decomplexes fluoride were assayed. The total fluoride concentration in the leaves was also analyzed after the leaves were dried, charred, and ashed. Water soluble and total fluoride concentration in khat varieties varied, ranging from 0.19 to 0.43 µg g^?1 fresh weight and 3.4 to 7.1 µg g^?1 dry weight, respectively. The fluoride concentration in matured leaves (12 µg g^?1) was higher than that in young leaves (6.5 µg g^?1) dry weight. Assuming that daily khat leaves chewing for an adult is 100 g, fluoride intake from chewing leaves of the analyzed khat varieties is far below the daily fluoride tolerable upper limit. The safe intake of fluoride is recommended to be 1.5–4.0 mg day^?1 for adults and less for children. However, chewing khat leaves may contribute a significant amount of fluoride for the total daily intake of an individual and should not be overlooked while estimating the total dietary intake of fluoride for individuals chewing khat leaves regularly.     

Distribution of mercury in the sediments of some freshwater bodies in Ethiopia

Sediment samples were collected from Tinishu Akaki River (TAR), Lake Awassa, and Lake Ziway, Ethiopia for determination of mercury. The air-dried samples were analyzed for mercury with a differential atomic absorption spectrometer after thermal evaporation of bound mercury converting it to its atomic form. Certified reference materials (CRMs) of sediments and soils were used to validate the method. The recovery of mercury from CRMs and sediments was in the range of 95–100%. The limit of detection for the determination of mercury was 50?ng?kg^?1. The concentration of total mercury in the sediments varied from 3.9 to 110?µg?kg^?1 for TAR, 14 to 67?µg?kg^?1 for Lake Awassa, and 17 to 110?µg?kg^?1 for Lake Ziway. It was found that the total mercury concentrations in all samples were below the United States Environmental Protection Agency guideline of 200?µg?kg^?1.     

Potentially toxic elements in some fresh water bodies in Ethiopia

A total of thirty three water samples were collected from Tinishu Akaki River, Lake Awassa, and Lake Ziway, Ethiopia. Multi-element determination of trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb) in water samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after acidification with 1% HNO₃. The concentration (in µg?L^?1) of the elements were in the range of 1.0–19, <0.42–83, 1.1–1580, <45–1760, <0.11–2.0, 0.43–13, 0.77–13, 6–300, <0.94–2.0, <0.3–1.5, <0.012–0.63, 0.13–4.8, <0.29, and 0.2–7.2 for V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb, respectively. The concentrations of all the quantified elements, with the exception of Mn, were in the range of the permissible limits of the Ethiopian, European Community, and World Health Organization for both drinking water quality guidelines and irrigation water guidelines. The accuracy of the method was validated by analyzing trace elements in water standard reference material (SRM 1643e). The measured values of trace elements in the SRM agreed well with the certified values at the 95% confidence level.