Communication of knowledge between the scientific and management communities is a difficult process complicated by the distinctive
nature of professional career goals of scientists and decision-makers. This article provides a case history highlighting a
collaboration between the science and management communities that resulted from a response to a 2004 hypoxia, or low dissolved
oxygen, event in Long Bay, off Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. A working group of scientists and decision-makers was established
at the time of the event and has continued to interact to develop a firm understanding of the drivers responsible for hypoxia
formation in Long Bay. Several factors were found to be important to ensure that these collaborative efforts were productive:
(1) genuine interest in collaboratively working across disciplines to examine a problem; (2) commitment by agency leadership,
decision-makers, and researchers to create successful communication mechanisms; (3) respect for each others’ perspectives
and an understanding how science and management are performed and that they are not mutually exclusive; (4) networking among
researchers and decision-makers to ensure appropriate team members are involved in the process; (5) use of decision-maker
input in the formulation of research and monitoring projects; and (6) commitment of resources for facilitation to ensure that
researchers and decision-makers are communicating effectively. 相似文献
Runoff from impervious land cover has a major impact on headwater tidal creek ecosystems resulting from ever increasing development along the coastline. Tidal creek habitats can serve as "early warning systems" for anthropogenic stressors due to their proximity to the uplands. In this study, the macrobenthic community was sampled along the longitudinal gradient of tidal creeks (i.e., first order, second order, and third order) in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia which varied in their levels of watershed development (salt marsh, forested, suburban, and urban). This study was designed to assess the condition of macrobenthic communities in tidal creek ecosystems under varying levels of anthropogenic stressors and test whether the conclusions of a previous study in South Carolina (Holland et al., J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 298:151-178, 2004) could be generalized to the southeastern USA. Metrics of community-level and species-specific response within tidal creeks draining watersheds of varying degrees of impervious cover suggest the macrobenthic community may be a useful indicator of development in tidal creeks ecosystems. The differences observed when data from all three states were pooled was consistent with previous findings in South Carolina tidal creeks which illustrates that macrobenthic communities in tidal creeks may react to watershed development in similar patterns along the southeastern coast of the USA. 相似文献
Replicate intact peat/vegetation monoliths were collected along a pollution gradient in the UK and subjected over one year to 1200 mm of simulated rainfall of the same chemical composition as they received in the field. Drainage water was analysed periodically for DOC and pH, and the decomposition rates of Calluna vulgaris and Eriophorum angustifolium leaves were measured, as well as soil atmosphere CO2 contents and peat matric potentials. the chemical characteristics of the peats as initially sampled from the field also were determined. the results suggest that acidic precipitation has induced chemical changes in ombrotrophic peats, lowering their pH and base status, when due account is taken of calcium deposition or any mineral content. Greater DOC fluxes were observed from the more acid peats, and litter decomposition rates from these peats were reduced. 相似文献
Soils sampled along an altitudinal transect in an upland area of North East Scotland have been used to investigate downslope changes in the capacity of soils to retain sulphate. Simulated laboratory experiments involving the leaching of reconstituted cores with 'rainfall' containing low (1.85 mg litre(-1) and high (51.90 mg litre(-1) concentrations of sulphate indicate that soils developed on upper slopes have a limited capacity to adsorb sulphate, whereas soils on lower slopes have a much greater sulphate adsorption capacity. Soil drainage water, produced from 'sensitive' upper slope soils may therefore be significantly modified by physico-chemical reactions in lower slopes before reaching watercourses. 相似文献
In vivo laboratory studies of toxicity were performed on Wistar rats using a methanol extract produced by the natural population of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (abundance of 2.13 × 105 trichomes mL−1) collected at Aleksandrovac Lake (Serbia). HPLC analysis showed that the extract contains 6.65 μg cylindrospermopsin (CYN) mg−1. The rats were killed 24 or 72 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of C. raciborskii extract in concentrations of 1500, 3000, 6000 and 12,000 μg kg−1 body weight (bw) and an equivalent amount of CYN as present in the highest dose of the extract (79.80 μg CYN kg−1 bw). The genotoxic effect on the livers treated with C. raciborskii was evaluated using comet assay and potential induction of oxidative stress as the toxicity mechanism associated with the presence of CYN in extract. The results from the analyses of DNA damage in the comet tail length, tail moment and percentage of DNA in the tail in the liver indicated that administration of extract and CYN present statistically significant difference when compared with the negative control group. Although an increase in the frequency of selected parameters induced by the CYN was observed in the liver, this damage was less than the damage resulting from the administration of the highest dose of extract. The changes in the biochemical parameters of the hepatic damage showed that the application of single doses of the extract and CYN did not cause serious liver damage in rats. The extract and CYN significantly increased oxidative stress in rats’ liver after a single exposure.
This study was conducted to determine whether acidic cloudwater and ozone (O3) influence the growth of red spruce (Picea rubens L.) seedlings growing at a high elevation site in the southern Appalachian Mountains. A field exclusion chamber study was established at Whitetop Mountain, VA (elevation 1689 m) which included the following treatments: (1) clouds and O3 excluded (COE); (2) exposure to ambient O3 with clouds excluded (CE); (3) exposure to clouds and O3 (CC); and (4) ambient air plots (AA) that served as a control to evaluate possible chamber effects. After 2 years, seedlings exposed to ambient levels of O3 and cloudwater (AA and CC) did not differ in biomass accumulation, diameter growth, or epicuticular wax amounts from seedlings grown in chambers where pollution levels were reduced (CE and COE). Treatments receiving cloudwater (AA and CC) had statistically lower current-year needle concentrations of Ca and Mg, indicating that the cloudwater exposure dynamics occurring at this site elicited reductions in needle Ca and Mg. Ozone had negligible impact on all of the seedling parameters measured. 相似文献
The activity of a chemical in solution determines its tendency to move into other media. At low concentrations (<0.01M) it is generally considered to be linearly related to concentration. A hypothetical model based on the structure of liquid water is discussed which could cause deviations from this linearity in the ppb region, a concentration much lower than that normally investigated thermodynamically, but one of great importance environmentally. Headspace experiments are reported with carbon tetrachloride and chloroform in water at concentrations down to ~10?3 ppb but no such deviations were discerned. 相似文献