优势微生物菌群消减有机污泥作用效果分析

本文阐述用优势微生物菌群消解有机污泥的作用效果及原因,指出了优势菌群的构成类别和消解特点。实验结果表明,污泥消解率可达到55%,且过程对出水水质不产生负面影响,水质指标均符合GB18918-2002要求。     

Selective removal of common cyanotoxins: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of cyanobacterial blooms can have adverse effects on water bodies and may produce cyanotoxins. Several physical and chemical methods...     

燃煤灰渣中微量元素分布规律的研究

研究了锅炉飞灰和底灰中１５种微量元素的含量和分布，探讨了煤炭燃烧后，微量元素在灰渣中的集散及其影响因素，飞灰和底灰中大多数元素高于全国土壤背景值，７种元素高于克拉克值，其余８种低于克拉克值，飞灰中多数元素的地球化学富集因子高于１，呈富集状态，而底灰中多数元素富集因子小于１，飞灰和底灰中微量元素含量与煤中微量元素含量呈线性关系，微量元素含量不仅与煤有关，还受锅炉燃烧方式等人为因素影响。     

东北、内蒙古东部地区煤炭中微量元素含量及分布规律

研究了东北和内蒙东部各矿区煤炭中As,Ba,Be,Cb,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Se,Sr,V,Zn,Zr的含量水平及分布规律.煤灰灰分中多数元素含量高于克拉克值、土壤背景值及植物干物质中含量,呈富集状态.相关矩阵和聚类分析表明,煤炭中微量元素含量与基质元素有密切的依存性.由于复杂的成煤过程,煤炭中微量元素呈现独特的集散规律.     

Phytoremediation of phenol using Polygonum orientale,including optimized conditions

Removing phenol from wastewater has become a major challenge of international concern. Phytoremediation is a novel and eco-friendly method and is attracting an increasing amount of attention for treating phenol in wastewater. We studied the ability of Polygonum orientale, which is frequently present around water bodies and in wetlands in China, to phytoremediate phenol. We determined the inhibition concentration for phenol on P. orientale using emergency toxicology experiments and morphological observations. Isothermal and kinetic models were created to assess the adsorption process involved in phenol removal. Comparison tests in sterile conditions demonstrated that metabolic removal was the main way in which the phenol concentrations were decreased, and removal by adsorption played a smaller role. An orthogonal test was performed to determine the optimum conditions under which P. orientale will remove phenol, and these were found to be an initial phenol concentration of 5 mg L^?1, 100 % natural light, and a 13-day treatment time. These results provide a theoretical basis for increasing our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the removal of phenol by P. orientale and will help in developing its application in the greening of urban areas to provide both phytoremediation and esthetic landscaping.     

纳米二氧化钛胁迫对普生轮藻的毒性效应

纳米材料独特的理化性质使其得到了广泛的应用,但其可能带来的生物安全性问题也引起了广泛关注.实验研究了胁迫浓度梯度为0、0.01、0.10、1.0、10、100mg.L-1的纳米二氧化钛(nTiO2)悬浮液单一处理普生轮藻(CharavulgarisL.)的毒性效应,在胁迫24h、48h、72h、96h后分别测定其叶绿素a含量、脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明,随着胁迫浓度的增加和时间的延长,叶绿素a含量、SOD和CAT活性总体呈下降趋势,而MDA含量呈递增趋势,高浓度剂量组与对照组比较差异极显著,酶的活性降幅也较大,说明急性nTiO2暴露对普生轮藻具有毒性作用,且表现出剂量效应.     

人工快渗技术在我国农村地区水污染治理中的应用研究

概述了我国农村地区水污染现状、排放特征、主要处理工艺及其优缺点,在对人工快渗系统工艺原理和污染物去除机理深入分析的基础上,总结归纳了人工快渗工艺的技术经济优势,并结合技术的工艺改进和完善,探讨了人工快渗技术的适用性。然后结合深圳市白花洞村、四川省绵阳市北川县及北京昌平区农村工程实践,分析了人工快渗技术在村级分散型污水处理工程中的实际运行效果。理论研究和工程实践均表明:人工快渗技术及其改进工艺组合系统具有工艺简单、建设运行成本低、污染物去除效率高、出水效果好等特点,可有效地解决目前农村地区因受到资金、技术、人才等因素限制造成的污水处理能力低的问题,是一项十分适合我国农村地区的污水处理技术。     

光合细菌对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效应

为了探讨光合细菌对水华藻类的控制作用,在实验室条件下,通过菌藻共同培养,研究了沼泽红假单孢菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustras)、球形红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)及其混合培养物对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的抑制效应.实验结果表明,光合细菌混合培养物对铜绿微囊藻抑藻作用最强,培养5 d时,铜绿微囊藻生物量降低率达58.9%,培养时间、培养温度、菌体投加量及培养基pH值等对光合细菌混合培养物的抑藻作用均有不同程度的影响.光合细菌混合培养物发挥抑藻作用的适宜条件为培养温度25℃,培养时间≤5 d,光合细菌投加量(V_(光合细菌菌悬液):V_(藻培养液)=1:80),藻培养基pH为8.0左右.     

超滤技术在马铃薯淀粉排放废水中的应用初探

超滤技术在马铃薯淀粉排放废水中的应用初探丛培君袁彦肖王淑兰孙鹤王榕树（天津大学化工系，３０００７２）关键词超滤膜；马铃薯淀粉；排放废水；蛋白质；ＣＯＤ值．马铃薯是生产淀粉的主要原料之一．在淀粉生产过程中需用大量的水，而马铃薯所含的部分有机物、无机物都...