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The humanitarian system has grown organically over the course of a generation to become a complex system bound by a common primary mandate. Its guiding principles provide it with a unique identity and separate humanitarian actors from other aid-related stakeholders. However, all of the evidence suggests that humanitarian actors will extend their reach and engage in new and unprecedented ways with an expanded mandate in years to come. Now, more than ever, they are challenged to retain the moral high ground and to put disaster-affected people at the centre of humanitarian action. Consequently, this paper proposes that the humanitarian system introduce a new principle: humanitarian subsidiarity. It moves the conception of subsidiarity beyond meanings ascribed by the Catholic Church and the European Union and links it instead to the attributes of agency, accountability, and trust to find accommodation with the core humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence. 相似文献
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Dey RK Swain SK Mishra S Sharma P Patnaik T Singh VK Dehury BN Jha U Patel RK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3279-3291
The present investigation reports the assessment of hydrochemical/geochemical processes controlling the concentration of fluoride
in groundwater of a village in India (Boden block, Orissa). Boden block is one of the severely affected fluoride-contaminated
areas in the state of Orissa (India). The sampling and subsequent analysis of water samples of the study area was carried
out following standard prescribed methods. The results of the analysis indicate that 36.60% groundwater F− concentration exceeds the limit prescribed by the World Health Organization for drinking water. The rock interaction with
groundwater containing high concentration of HCO3− and Na+ at a higher pH value of the medium could be one of the important reasons for the release of F− from the aquatic matrix into groundwater. Geochemical classification of groundwater based on Chadha rectangular diagram shows
that most of the groundwater samples having fluoride concentration more than 1.5 mg L−1 belongs to the Na-K-HCO3 type. The saturation index values evaluated for the groundwater of the study area indicated that it is oversaturated with
respect to calcite, whereas the same is undersaturated with respect to fluorite content. The deficiency of calcium ion concentration
in the groundwater from calcite precipitation favors fluorite dissolution leading to excess of fluoride concentration. The
risk index was calculated as a function of fluoride level in drinking water and morbidity of fluorosis categorizes high risk
for villages of Amera and Karlakote panchayat of Boden block. 相似文献
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Dutta Sulagna Gorain Bapi Choudhury Hira Roychoudhury Shubhadeep Sengupta Pallav 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):62067-62092
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Untainted environment promotes health, but the last few decades experienced steep upsurge in environmental contaminants posing detrimental... 相似文献
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