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On experimental setup in bioelectromagnetics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Bioeffects created by electromagnetic field (EMF) are the subject of intensive studies. This paper critically considers estimations
of exposure to EMF in bioelectromagnetic experiments. Results of calculations presented herein show the significant role of
the presence of conducting bodies (the exposure system) near an object under test on EMF energy absorption as well as mutual
interactions between simultaneously exposed objects. Our aims herein are twofold: firstly to find a way to refer measurement
results to free-space conditions in order to enable comparison of results obtained in different laboratories, and secondly
to show that EMF energy absorption in any exposed object is different and that this difference is a function of the size of
the exposure system, the number of exposed objects, and the particular properties (i.e., the electromagnetic structure) of
the objects. In the authors’ opinion the existence of interactions caused by the presence of the exposure system and other
exposed objects is a reason why remarkable differences are observed between experiments performed even under supposedly identical
conditions. The presented considerations and conclusion suggest wider participation of physicists and engineers in bioelectromagnetic
experiments in order to ensure the correctness of metrological aspects of these experiments. 相似文献
2.
This paper discusses mutual interactions phenomena especially in the case of Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) cell applications
as an exposure system in technical and biomedical studies. In many publications is described problem of influence of an object
upon the electromagnetic field (EMF) distribution inside a exposure system while inverse effect—influence of exposure system
on tested object is overlooked. The problem plays primary role if a correlation between investigations carried out in an enclosure
(e.g. TEM cell) and that in the free space is looked for. 相似文献
3.
Hubert Trzaska 《The Environmentalist》2005,25(2-4):181-185
Summary The paper discusses several aspects of the practical application of the SAR. It is shown that the unit is an ideal solution
for basic research and laboratory experiments. SAR is directly nonmeasurable unit. Although methods and devices based upon
indirect SAR measurements may widen our knowledge about EM energy distribution and absorption within a body. It is shown that
for practical applications the temperature SAR measurement methods are not sensitive enough while methods based upon E(H) measurement are less accurate than traditional approaches. As a result of assumption SAR = 4 W/kg as a basic restriction
the present protection standards are illogical and nonrealiazable. A return to traditional units (E, H, S) in the standards
and surveying metrology is suggested. 相似文献
4.
Izydorczyk Grzegorz Mikula Katarzyna Skrzypczak Dawid Trzaska Krzystof Moustakas Konstantinos Witek-Krowiak Anna Chojnacka Katarzyna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(35):47725-47740
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This literature review outlines the most important—agricultural and non-agricultural—types of sewage sludge management. The potential of... 相似文献
5.
Electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements, for labor safety and environment protection purposes, are performed in the near-field.
Inaccuracy of the far-field EMF measurements oscillates around ±1 dB or bit worse; in the near-field measurements, errors
at the level of ±6 dB must be sometimes accepted. In the case of non-stationary EMF measurements, their sense may be changed
from quantitative to qualitative ones. In order to make it possible an estimation of the non-stationary EMF measurement accuracy,
it is proposed new method of the meters calibration. The method is based upon a standard excitation with identical signal
as the measured one. A set for the purpose includes a pulse generator (of frequency and pulse rating identical with the radiation
source) and computer-controlled amplitude modulator that reflects the radiation pattern of an antenna (e.g. radar one) and
its rotations. Contrary to calibration using monochromatic continuous wave (CW) excitation, proposed method should be repeated
for any radiation source. The disadvantage is compensated by a possibility to estimate (additional) error of the method. Calculations
show it at the level of 10%. 相似文献
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