有机中性化技术对重金属污染土壤锌有效性的长期影响

通过田间定位试验,研究了石灰(L)、钙镁磷肥(G)、泥炭(P)、猪粪(M)、石灰 泥炭(L P)、石灰 猪粪(L M)、钙镁磷肥 泥炭(G P)、钙镁磷肥 猪粪(G M)等改良材料对新罗区特钢厂附近的重金属污染田的长期改良效应.结果表明:大部分处理可提高土壤的pH值、有机质含量,降低了土壤的有效锌含量,石灰 泥炭、钙镁磷肥 泥炭的改良效果要优于单施有机、中性化改良剂和其它处理,和对照相比,有效锌含量和糙米锌含量最高分别降低了59.2%、36.2%.     

人工湿地净化处理废水的机理探讨与效果研究

主要介绍人工湿地的特点和处理废水的机理,包括人工湿地的类型、构建方式、净化机理与工艺流程等.通过分析人工湿地的应用实例,总结出人工湿地处理废水具有应用广泛、投资低廉、综合效益高的重要特点,提出目前人工湿地存在使用寿命较短并且受环境条件影响大等主要问题,在此基础上讨论了现阶段人工湿地的研究状况并指出人工湿地在污水处理方面仍有广阔应用前景.     

树脂固定床吸附含酚废水预测模型研究

针对应用于实际工业化的树脂固定床吸附研究较少,而与之相关的固定床吸附穿透曲线可以用来确定固定床吸附操作参数,为固定床的设计和实际操作提供指导。通过对恒定波振荡理论和吸附等温方程的联合,来预测固定床吸附穿透曲线;并研究了不同操作条件对大孔弱碱树脂吸附对硝基酚穿透曲线预测模型的影响。以期望为树脂固定床的设计和实际工业应用产生指导意义。     

油田开发项目中大气环境影响预测方法研究

针对油田开发过程中大气污染源点多面广的特点,选用适当的大气环境预测方法已成为问题关键,使用网格处理,分别计算点源（高斯模式）和面源（Ｈ－Ｇ模式）的污染贡献量,得到预测结果,并佐以百色油田的应用实例,得出：多源扩散模式（Ｈ－Ｇ模式）可以反映油田开发多源污染的叠加效果;Ｈ－Ｇ模式计算简便,要求参数少且容易获得,与复杂模式的计算结果相一致,能满足油田开发项目大气环境影响评价的要求。     

Partitioning of water soluble organic carbon in three sediment size fractions： Effect of the humic substances

Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in sediments plays an important role in transference and transformation of aquatic pollutants. This article investigated the inherent mechanisms of how sediemnt grain size affect the partitioning coeffcient (k) of WSOC. Influences of NaOH extracted humic substances were particularly focused on. Sediments were sampled from two cross-sections of the middle Yellow River and sieved into three size fractions (< 63 μm, 63-100 μm, and 100--300 μm). The total concentration of WSOC in sediments (CWSOC) and k were estimated using multiple water-sediment ratio experiments. Results show that CWSOC ranges from 0.012 to 0.022 mg/g, while k ranges from 0.8 to 3.9 L/kg. Correlations between the spectrum characteristics of NaOH extracted humic substances and k were analyzed. Strong positive correlations are determined between k and the aromaticity indicators of NaOH extracted humic substances in different sediment size fractions. Comparing with finer fractions (< 63 μm), k is higher in larger size fractions (63--100 and 100--300 μm) related to higher aromaticity degree of NaOH extracted humic substances mostly. While negative relationship between k and the area ratio of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 3400 and 1430 cm-1 implied that the lowest k was related to the highest concentration of the acidic humic groups in particles < 63 μm. WSOC in finer fractions (< 63 μm) is likely to enter into pore water, which may further accelerate the transportation of aquatic contaminants from sediment to water.     

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China: Opportunities and challenges

The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.     

泥沙对双酚A的吸附及其影响因素研究

以黄河泥沙为例,用SPE HPLC MS MS的方法分析了双酚A在泥沙上的吸附规律及其影响因素.结果表明,由于黄河泥沙碳酸盐含量较高,双酚A的等温吸附规律不能用线性吸附方程和Freundlich吸附方程来描述;去除泥沙中碳酸盐后,泥沙对双酚A的吸附量增加,且其吸附规律可用线性吸附方程和Freundlich吸附方程来描述.泥沙总有机质含量和可溶态有机质含量都会影响双酚A的吸附,沉积物和悬浮物对双酚A的吸附量分别与其可溶态有机质含量负相关;由于价态不同,钙离子和钾离子对双酚A的吸附影响规律相反,随着钙离子浓度的增加双酚A吸附量亦增加,而随着钾离子浓度的增加双酚A吸附量却减少.     

Fenton试剂加硫酸处理高浓度含酚废水的研究

研究了硫酸、Fenton试剂对酚的催化降解作用，证实了硫酸与Fenton试剂对酚的催化降解具有协同作用。H_2SO_4－Fenton试剂对高浓度含酚废水的处理结果说明，在Fenton试剂中加入硫酸可大大增加其对酚的降解能力。与单独的Fenton试剂法比较，当H_2O_2∶COD（重量比）＜0．8时，本法对COD≥14000mg／L含酚废水COD去除率可提高40％以上，对高浓度含酚废水具有很好的处理效果。     

pH对铜在黄土中吸持及其形态的影响

用黄土为吸持剂,以石英砂作对照,研究了pH对铜的吸持及形态的影响,并用MINTEQA2模型对铜离子的沉淀形态进行了理论计算.结果表明:无论吸持剂是石英砂还是黄土,随着pH的升高,吸持曲线都分为3区:低pH微吸持区、中pH吸持增长区和高pH强吸持区.含沙量一定,随着铜液初始浓度的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均增加;铜液初始浓度一定,随着含沙量的增加,吸持量、可交换态含量和碳酸盐结合态含量均减少.MINTEQA2模型计算结果表明,对于不同的吸持剂,铜离子发生沉淀的比例及沉淀的物质组成是不同的;以黄土为吸持剂时,中pH范围内随着含沙量的增加铜离子沉淀的比例减少.