Molecular and ultrastructural insights into the earthworm Eisenia fetida of the assessment of ecotoxicity during colistin exposure

Colistin is a peptide antibiotic widely used as a feed additive in animal farming, especially in poultry and swine production, for treatment and prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections, as well as for growth promotion use. When orally ingested, colistin is poorly absorbed and is eliminated almost unaltered by the enteric canal into the environment. Thus, risk of environmental toxicity cannot be ignored. In the present study, we examined the effects of colistin on Heath Shock Protein (HSP) 70, metallothionein (MT) gene expressions, and the ultrastructure of intestinal cells, following treatment of the soil indicator earthworm Eisenia fetida with 10, 20, and 100 mg/kg colistin for 7, 14, and 21 days. The results showed that, compared with the control, the expressions of HSP70 and MT genes changed significantly. Colistin caused up-regulations of HSP70’s expression while inhibited the expression of MT gene. In addition, most mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were damaged in the group treated with high concentration. The investigation of gene expressions of HSP70 and MT, as well as pathological alterations in the intestinal cells, may provide important information in terms of ecotoxicity of colistin and can be used as early warning system.     

Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacterial communities in activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants: Geographical distribution and network analysis

Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are deemed reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). Bacterial phylogeny can shape the resistome in activated sludge. However, the co-occurrence and interaction of ARGs abundance and bacterial communities in different WWTPs located at continental scales are still not comprehensively understood. Here, we applied quantitative PCR and Miseq sequence approaches to unveil the changing profiles of ARGs(sul1, sul2, tet W, tet Q, tet X), int I1 gene, and bacterial communities in 18 geographically distributed WWTPs. The results showed that the average relative abundance of sul1 and sul2 genes were 2.08 × 10~(-1) and 1.32 × 10~(-1) copies/16 S rRNA copies, respectively. The abundance of tet W gene was positively correlated with the Shannon diversity index(H′), while both studied sul genes had significant positive relationship with the int I1 gene. The highest average relative abundances of sul1, sul2, tet X, and int I1 genes were found in south region and oxidation ditch system. Network analysis found that 16 bacterial genera co-occurred with tet W gene. Co-occurrence patterns were revealed distinct community interactions between aerobic/anoxic/aerobic and oxidation ditch systems. The redundancy analysis model plot of the bacterial community composition clearly demonstrated that the sludge samples were significant differences among those from the different geographical areas,and the shifts in bacterial community composition were correlated with ARGs. Together,these findings from the present study will highlight the potential risks of ARGs and bacterial populations carrying these ARGs, and enable the development of suitable technique to control the dissemination of ARGs from WWTPs into aquatic environments.     

接种比例对餐厨垃圾高固体浓度厌氧发酵的影响

文章在12%～18%高固体浓度和中温（35±1）℃条件下,开展了不同接种比例对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵过程影响的研究。考察了沼气产率、发酵液特性和TS、VS去除率等随接种比例变化的关系。结果表明,接种比例不低于50%的沼气日产率、累积沼气产率和平均甲烷含量显著高于接种量低于25%的发酵过程,并且pH值相较于低于25%的发酵体系能够稳定在6.8～7.2之间。提高接种比例能够降低发酵液中TN、TP和CODcr的浓度。餐厨垃圾与接种污泥TS比为1∶1时,甲烷含量和TS、VS去除率达到最大值,分别为64%、43.6%和52.8%。此时,累积沼气产率为228.6 ml/gVS。     

Cloning and expression of the first gene for biodegrading microcystin LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing environmental problem worldwide in natural waters, the biodegradation is found to be the most efficient method for removing microcystins (MCs) produced by harmful cyanobacteria. Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, we for the first time cloned and expressed a gene USTB-05-A (HM245411) that is responsible for the first step in the biodegradation of microcystin LR (MC-LR) in E. coli DH5αup, with a cloning vector of pGEM-T easy and an expression vector of pGEX-4T-1, respectively. The cell-free extracts (CE) of recombinant E. coli DH5αup containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MC-LR. The initial MC-LR concentration of 40 mg/L was completely biodegraded within 1 hr in the presence of CE with a protein concentration of 0.35 mg/mL. Based on an analysis of the liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum (LC-MS), the enzyme encoded by gene USTB-05-A was found to be active in cleaving the target peptide bond between 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) and arginine of MC-LR, and converting cyclic MC-LR to linear MC-LR as a first product that is much less toxic than parent MC-LR, which offered direct evidence for the first step on the pathway of MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05.     

The dispersion,stability, and resuspension of C60 in environmental water matrices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Environmental waters cover a range of water quality characteristics which could greatly affect the behavior and fate of C60 in the aquatic...     

蓝藻厌氧消化产沼气技术研究

为了实现太湖蓝藻的资源化和无害化处置,本文在中温（35℃）条件下对蓝藻与猪粪厌氧发酵产沼气进行了研究。在蓝藻与猪粪发酵最佳接种比例1：2、最佳初始pH7．9、最适发酵液浓度2．9％条件下,通过对所产甲烷的分析,得到回归方程B：4885（1-e-0.034565t）,模型的决定系数R2为0．9819,均方差（RMSE）为123,达到收敛判断标准。蓝藻的生物降解率（BD值）为54．4％。pH的变化范围在6．6～7．9之间,能够较好地反应蓝藻与猪粪混合发酵的水解阶段、产酸阶段和产甲烷阶段。发酵结束后,TS去除率达到22．2％,VS去除率达到25．2％。对发酵过程中COD和氨氮变化的研究表明：反应结束后,COD的去除率达87．44％;高浓度的氨氮对厌氧细菌的生长有一定抑制作用,但是并不影响沼气的组份。各反应器所产生的沼气中甲烷和二氧化碳的含量均能保持在50％和35％左右,最高甲烷含量达到70％。     

河北廊坊降水对PM2.5质量浓度的湿清除作用

采用2013～2017年廊坊市区逐时PM2.5质量浓度监测数据及对应气象资料,分析降水对PM2.5质量浓度的影响。研究表明,有降水时的PM2.5质量浓度,年均值比无降水时偏低21.7%～47.1%,月均值在2月、4～11月低于无降水,一日内逐时次值均低于无降水;降水对PM2.5质量浓度的湿清除受降水前其浓度大小与降水量的共同影响,降水前PM2.5质量浓度45μg/m3时,正清除量明显增加到21μg/m3以上,春、夏、秋、冬四季降水前PM2.5质量浓度(μg/m3)分别为31.8、≥30.0、≥40.0、≥156.8时,正清除概率大于71%,降水量超过5 mm以后,正清除占比达负清除的3倍以上;降水强度对PM2.5质量浓度的清除作用在冬季表现不明显,而春季、夏季、秋季当降水强度(mm/h)分别0.7、1.9和0.6时正清除概率达76.9%、94.1%和87.5%。     

Chinese construction industry energy efficiency analysis with undesirable carbon emissions and construction waste outputs

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As the construction industry generates more than 30% of global greenhouse gases and more than 40% of global urban waste every year, energy...     

地下水生物反硝化的纤维素碳源选择研究

硝酸盐污染已迅速发展为重要的环境问题,硝酸盐污染的现有传统治理和去除技术目前主要有物理法、化学法和生物法,本文利用纤维素作为固态有机碳能满足反硝化细菌所需的碳源,综述利用固态纤维素作为反硝化碳源的研究现状,从而选取5种合适的天然纤维素作为反硝化细菌碳源来研究在缺氧状态下对20mg／LNO3--N的地下水的降解效果。结果表明,利用固态香樟叶纤维素作为碳源去除NO3--N的效果较明显,其次为稻草;并且纤维素作为生物反硝化碳源具有成本低廉、易获取、不需经常补充的优点。     

动火作业事故危害分析及控制措施

识别出动火作业所遵循的法律法规 ,利用工作危害分析方法对动火作业进行危害因素的辨识和风险评估 ,制定风险削减措施 ,降低风险。