直接驯化嗜盐菌处理高盐废水的研究

从大连旅顺盐场底泥中筛选出适合高盐度的嗜盐菌,在序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中对其进行3.5%(质量分数)盐度的驯化,污泥混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)平均质量浓度达600mg/L。污泥比耗氧速率(SOUR)测量结果显示,内源呼吸阶段污泥SOUR为10.36mg/(g.h),外源呼吸阶段污泥SOUR达到29.09mg/(g.h),表明所筛选的嗜盐菌培养的污泥具有较高活性。利用培养的污泥进行高盐模拟废水处理试验,结果表明,对盐度为3.5%、COD为240～340mg/L的高盐废水,在每周期12h、曝气量0.6L/min、污泥MLSS为600mg/L、污泥龄为18d条件下,COD去除率达95%以上,NH4+-N去除率达61%,TP去除率达55%。改变进水有机负荷对出水COD去除影响不大,该系统耐有机负荷冲击能力较强;盐度负荷的改变对COD的去除影响不大,而NH4+-N去除率有明显变化,在3.5%和5.0%的盐度下,NH4+-N去除率分别为61%和31%。     

混合菌利用制酒废水产生的微生物絮凝剂的成分及理化特性研究

对蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和膜璞毕赤酵母菌(Pichia membranifaciens)混合后利用制酒废水作为替代培养基产生的复合型微生物絮凝剂XJBF-1进行了成分及理化特性研究。结果表明,XJBF-1的主要成分是多糖(质量分数为63.40%),总蛋白质质量分数仅为0.87%;XJBF-1为线型结构,分子量仅为50 798u,低于一般的微生物絮凝剂;XJBF-1具有较好的热稳定性,这一特性有利于絮凝活性物质的提取和纯化;XJBF-1对糖化酶作用敏感,而对蛋白酶作用不敏感;XJBF-1对鱼苗基本没有急性毒性,可以作为无毒水处理剂使用。     

Nitrous oxide generation in denitrifying phosphorus removal process: main causes and control measures

Despite the many benefits of denitrifying phosphorus removal process, the significant generation of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas, remains a problem for this innovative and promising process. To better understand and more effectively control N₂O generation in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the main causes of N₂O generation, based on which the control measures were subsequently proposed. The results showed that N₂O generation accounted for 0.41 % of the total nitrogen removal in denitrifying phosphorus removal process, whereas, in contrast, almost no N₂O was generated in conventional denitrification process. It was further demonstrated that the weak competition of N₂O reductase for electrons and the high nitrite accumulation were the two main causes for N₂O generation, evidenced by N₂O production and reduction rates under different conditions. Accordingly, the reduction of N₂O generation was successfully achieved via two control measures: (1) the use of continuous nitrate addition reducing N₂O generation by around 91.4 % and (2) the use of propionate as the carbon source reducing N₂O generation by around 69.8 %.     

我国海洋自然保护区面临的主要问题及管理策略

我国海洋自然保护区的建立,在保护海洋环境、物种资源,维护海洋生态平衡等方面起了重要作用;然而海洋自然保护区建设管理工作起步较晚、基础薄弱、保护区的管理正处于摸索阶段,还存在一些问题.文章提出了目前我国海洋自然保护区在管理体制、总体布局规划、经费投入、法律法规以及科研工作方面存在的主要问题,并根据这些问题提出相应解决的管理策略.     

Size-resolved carbonaceous components and water-soluble ions measurements of ambient aerosol in Beijing

A MOUDI-120 sampler was used in Beijing to collect multi-stage samples in the summer and winter of 2013 to 2015. Thirty-three sample sets were collected during the daytime,nighttime, and different pollution levels. The actual relative humidity in the impactors was calculated for the first time. The carbonaceous components(organic and elemental carbon,OC and EC, respectively) and water-soluble inorganic ions(Na~+, NH_4~+, K~+, Mg~(2+), Ca~(2+), Cl~-, NO_3~-,and SO_4~(2-)) were analyzed in each sample. The characteristics of the mass concentration distribution and charge balance were discussed. On the basis of relative humidity in the impactors, aerosols less than 1.0 μm were sampled under relatively dry conditions in most cases. The concentration levels for the chemical species were higher in the winter than in the summer. Three modes(condensation mode, droplet mode, and coarse mode) could be identified from the distributions of NH_4~+, NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-), Cl~-, K~+, OC and EC. The distribution characteristics for the pollution dissipation process were different from the pollution accumulation process. NO_3~-and NO_2~-contributed most of the negative electric charges in the stage below 0.1 μm. In the condensation mode, the cations were dominated by NH_4~+, which was sufficient to balance the anions. In the droplet mode of the heavily polluted samples,the ammonium was not sufficient to balance the anions. In the coarse mode, the positive electric charges were primarily composed of metal cations. The analyzed anions were not sufficient to neutralize the measured cations.     

西樵山国家森林公园有害植物现状分析

结合西樵山国家森林公园管理公司提供的植被及道路图,运用面上调查和点调查相结合的方法对西樵山国家森林公园的有害植物进行了系统和全面的调查,对西樵山国家森林公园的有害植物危害现状进行了分析.调查结果显示,西樵山国家森林公同有害植物共有25种,录属19科25属,包括本地种20种,外来种5种,达到严重危害的有19种.本地植物成灾面积达56万m2,外来植物成灾面积14万m2,本地植物与外来植物的成灾比例是4:1.针对主要的15种有害植物,对其分布、危害面积与危害特点进行了逐一分析与描述.根据西樵山国家森林公园有害植物的危害现状的分析,本地植物的危害程度和范围都比外来植物大得多,并分析了西樵山国家森林公园有害植物的发展趋势.     

西樵山国家森林公园有害植物控制策略研究

在对西樵山森林公园有害植物危害现状调查的基础上,针对其危害特性和国内外相关研究现状,提出了相应的控制策略,主要包括以下几个方面:(1)提高认识,增强生态危机意识;(2)加强基础研究,为有害植物管理提供依据;(3)加强物理防除,短期控制有害植物蔓延;(4)加强化学防除研究,筛选有效的化学除草剂;(5)加强生物防治技术研究,构建有效的生物防治技术体系;(6)加强生态调控技术研究,构建健康的植物群落;(7)加强景观改造,构建生态安全景观格局;(8)建立有害植物预警系统,长期监控植物疫情.     

长春市大气中PM10污染特征分析

近年来,大气环境质量的不断恶化受到了人们广泛的关注。利用长春市的食品厂、客车厂、邮电学院、儿童公园、净月潭以及甩湾子等6个自动监测中心提供的2011年PM10、SO2与NO2小时质量浓度的连续监测数据,分析了长春市PM10质量浓度（MPM）的时空分布特征、不同污染物之间的相关性及其形成的原因。结果表明：从空间分布上看,6个采样点的MPM从高到低依次为食品厂〉儿童公园〉邮电学院〉客车厂〉净月潭〉甩湾子,其中除食品厂与儿童公园外均符合《环境空气质量标准》GB3095-1996的二级标准。从时间分布上看,绝大多数监测点位的冬季MPM是最高的,春季次之,主要是因为冬季采暖与春季沙尘天气,而夏季的MPM最低,主要是湿沉降作用所致。MPM逐日变化呈现出双峰双谷型分布,第一个峰值出现在早上7：00左右,其中最大值出现在5月份的早7：00左右,达到了0.223 mg·m-3,第1个峰值过后呈下降趋势,下午出现质量浓度低谷,其中最小值出现在11月份15：00左右,为0.036 mg·m-3,直到傍晚时缓慢回升,22：00左右达到第2个峰值。通过统计分析不同污染物之间的相关系数,得出PM10与NO2质量浓度的相关性显著,且较稳定,其原因可能是常年排放的机动车尾气尘影响较大,而PM10与SO2质量浓度的相关性不太稳定,这可能是冬季采暖排放的燃煤尘所致。     

液滴撞击超疏水冷表面的反弹/黏附特性对比研究*

为研究液滴撞击超疏水冷表面动力学现象,通过开展去离子水液滴撞击CuO超疏水表面实验,研究表面温度对液滴碰撞后响应方式的影响,分析铺展直径与反弹高度变化规律。结果表明:液滴撞击超疏水冷表面出现反弹与黏附2种响应方式,临界表面温度介于-25 ℃~-20 ℃之间;液滴反弹工况下,表面温度越低,液滴与超疏水冷表面之间接触时间越长,液滴最大反弹高度越小;液滴黏附工况下,随表面温度降低,液滴回缩程度减小,稳定铺展直径增大。研究结果可为表面结冰界面现象与防冰/除冰机理研究提供参考。     

Improvement of aquaponic performance through micro- and macro-nutrient addition

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aquaponics is one of the “zero waste” industry in the twenty-first century, and is considered to be one of the major trends for the future...