Preparation of rare-earth metal complex oxide catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is one of the most promising technologies for pollution abatement. Developing catalysts with high activity and stability is crucial for the application of the CWAO process. The Mn/Ce complex oxide catalysts for CWAO of high concentration phenol-containing wastewater were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalyst preparation conditions were optimized by using an orthogonal layout method and single-factor experimental analysis. The Mn/Ce serial catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and the metal cation leaching was measured by inductively coupled plasma torch-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that the catalysts have high catalytic activities even at a low temperature (80°C) and low oxygen partial pressure (0.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The metallic ion leaching is comparatively low (Mn<6.577 mg/L and Ce<0.6910 mg/L, respectively) in the CWAO process. The phenol, COD_Cr, and TOC removal efficiencies in the solution exceed 98.5% using the optimal catalyst (named CSP). The new catalyst would have a promising application in CWAO treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2005, 6(2): 40–44 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Prediction of half-life for adsorption kinetics in a batch reactor

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Besides adsorption rate constant, the half-life was also a basic factor that described the characteristics of adsorption kinetics. However, the direct...     

在实际工作中怎样提高应急处理能力

加强本地区的环境风险防范意识,提高环境突发事件的应急处理能力是政府及环境主管部门一项非常艰巨的任务。本文结合在张家口市企业进行的环境安全大检查,提出了提高环境突发事件的应急处理能力需要点、线、面结合进行。     

电化学法综合利用废杜美丝

研究用三乙醇胺电解法从废杜美丝中回收制取铜粉的工艺,铜在阳极电解退除,并以铜粉在形式在极限沉淀回收。实验中确定最佳工艺条件为：铜配离子浓度为０．１５７ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１。游离三乙醇胺浓度为０．６４８ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１,ｐＨ值为７．０,阴极电流密度１４Ａ．ｄｍ＾－２,电妥温度４０℃,在此条件及其基体金属不受腐蚀下制得的铜粉,粒径小于７４μｍ的可达９０％;     

微细粉尘在静电除尘器中的运动状态分析

为了分析线板静电除尘器中的电流体动力学过程,利用FEMLAB软件对电势泊松方程和电流连续性方程进行联立耦合求解,得到线板放电过程中电场强度分布,估算电晕外区不同粒径粉尘所受到的电场力;利用Fluent软件采用动力风模拟离子风的方法计算放电通道的流场分布,得到空间速度分布图,并分析了气流扰动对颗粒物的运动状态的影响。结果表明:利用动力风模拟离子风流场的分布符合放电环境下离子风的形成过程,该方法可以简化复杂的电流体问题。不同粒径粉尘在电场空间中的运动受到的电场力、离子风力随粒径大小不同而变化很大。研究结果对静电除尘器的改造和设计有很重要的指导意义。     

Co-composting of livestock manure with rice straw: Characterization and establishment of maturity evaluation system

Composting is considered to be a primary treatment method for livestock manure and rice straw, and high degree of maturity is a prerequisite for safe land application of the composting products. In this study pilot-scale experiments were carried out to characterize the co-composting process of livestock manure with rice straw, as well as to establish a maturity evaluation index system for the composts obtained. Two pilot composting piles with different feedstocks were conducted for 3 months: (1) swine manure and rice straw (SM–RS); and (2) dairy manure and rice straw (DM–RS). During the composting process, parameters including temperature, moisture, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), different forms of nitrogen (total, ammonia and nitrate), and humification index (humic acid and fulvic acid) were monitored in addition to germination index (GI), plant growth index (PGI) and Solvita maturity index. OM loss followed the first-order kinetic model in both piles, and a slightly faster OM mineralization was achieved in the SM–RS pile. Also, the SM–RS pile exhibited slightly better performance than the DM–RS according to the evolutions of temperature, OM degradation, GI and PGI. The C/N ratio, GI and PGI could be included in the maturity evaluation index system in which GI > 120% and PGI > 1.00 signal mature co-composts.     

生物矿化针铁矿吸附铬的机理探讨

针铁矿在自然界中广泛存在,对重金属离子在地表的迁移和转化有重要影响.利用天然生物矿化针铁矿进行了Cr(Ⅲ)吸附研究,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对吸附后的样品进行表征,发现样品中铬的含量随着Al2O3含量的增加而增加,说明表面带负电荷的含高岭土等的粘土较针铁矿对Cr(Ⅲ)有更强的吸附能力.样品的XPS研究表明,NO3-也参与了反应,且促进了Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化.研究还发现,Cr(Ⅲ)在针铁矿上的吸附不均匀,与文献报道的情况不同.     

Observation of chemical components of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol formation during haze and sandy haze days in Zhengzhou, China

Mineral dust particles play an important role in the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols, which largely contribute to haze pollution in China.During this study, a haze episode(haze days) and a typical haze process mixed with sandstorm(sandy haze days)were observed in Zhengzhou with a series of high-time-resolution monitoring instruments from November 22 to December 8, 2018.Concentrations of PM_(10) and crustal elements clearly increased in the sandy haze days.Concentrations of gaseous pollutants, metallic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources, nitrate, and ammonium during sandy haze days were slightly lower than those during the haze days but still obviously higher than those during the non-haze days.The sulfate concentrations, the sulfate fractions in PM_(2.5),and the sulfur oxidation ratios significantly increased in the sandy haze days.Heterogeneous reactions dominated the conversion of SO_2 during the haze and sandy haze days.Enhanced SO_2 conversion during the sandy haze days may be attributed to the high concentrations of transition metal ions from the sandstorm when the values of relative humidity(RH) were in 30%–70%, and high O_3 at certain time points.Gas-phase NO_2 oxidation reactions were the main pathways for nitrate formation.In the sandy haze days,higher nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR) at daytime may be associated with higher RH and lower temperature than those in the haze days, which facilitate the gas-to-particle partitioning of nitrate; higher NOR values at night may be attributed to the higher O_3 concentrations, which promoted the formation of N_2O_5.     

Performance of the partition-limited model on predicting ryegrass uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Accurate modeling of the uptake and accumulation behavior of organic contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in plants is essential to assess crop contamination and subsequent human exposure. In this study, the performance of a partition-limited model on predicting ryegrass uptake of PAHs (acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene) from water was evaluated and the major factors were examined. It was found that model predictions of PAH concentrations in roots and shoots of ryegrass were all within an order of magnitude of the observed values with the differences between estimated and measured concentrations less than 42.1% for roots and 78.4% for shoots. Since the model considered soil/water-plant pathway only, it was inevitable that simulated concentrations in shoots suffered a bigger error than those in roots due to the influence of foliar uptake, the other important pathway for PAHs. If the impact of foliar uptake was excluded, the accuracy of simulated shoot concentrations would be greatly enhanced, with the maximum prediction error reduced from 78.4% to 47.1% for pyrene. Other factors aside from foliar uptake were also examined, including aqueous PAH concentrations, uptake time, plant composition and chemical properties. These factors were found to influence the model performance generally through acting on the quasi-equilibrium factor (alpha(pt)). Results from this study substantiated the utility of this partition-limited model for vegetation-uptake assessment, and then provided some testimony valuable for the modification of a model with a better performance.     

废水催化湿式氧化稀土金属氧化物催化剂的研制

采用共沉淀法制得锰铈复合氧化物催化剂,催化湿式氧化处理高浓度苯酚废水。通过正交实验筛选催化剂制备条件,单因素实验优化制得催化剂。研究了CWAO处理废水条件下的金属离子溶出和催化剂的表征。结果表明,该催化剂在低温低压条件下具有优良的湿式氧化催化活性,且金属离子溶出量低,是一种CWAO处理高浓度有机废水中极具应用前景的新型高效催化剂。