天津市环保产业信息管理系统研究

通过对环保产业信息获取,处理,应用等环节的研究,完成了对天津市自１９９３年来的首次环保产业调查,开发了配套的管理软件系统,同时对该系统的知识发现,网络化等问题进行了探讨。     

超声空化及絮体破碎过程的模拟与试验分析

为探究利于空化效应的超声条件及超声波破碎絮体机理,基于Matlab平台建立空化气泡模型及2种简化的有限扩散聚集(DLA)絮体破碎模型,进行计算机仿真,并通过试验分析得到实际絮体破碎模式.结果表明:随着超声频率的增加,空化效应减弱;声能密度的增加导致空化气泡振幅增大,声能密度为7W/mL时气泡振幅可达初始半径的200倍,空化效果较好.低声能密(0.03~3W/mL)和低超声频率(25~40kHz)处理絮体时,剥蚀作用为主导作用,超声后絮体粒径减小,分形维数增大;声能密度超过3W/mL或频率大于40kHz,大规模破碎占主导作用,实际絮体粒径减幅小且结构散.40kHz的超声频率更利于絮体的破碎,作用10min后,絮体粒径减幅达9.8%,分形维数为1.394,结构更加密实.     

基于AIC准则优选AR模型研究我国生产事故

目前,由于生产力水平低,安全投入不足,安全监管体制不健全等因素,国内生产安全事故仍然居高不下.将基于AIC准则进行 AR 模型优选的方法应用到我国工矿死亡人数预测中,为事故预测统计提供一种新方法,预测结果将为预防生产安全事故提供依据.     

超声对净水沉淀污泥絮体特性及对污泥回流效能的影响

为解决污泥回流强化混凝技术存在的有毒有害物质积累的问题,取净水沉淀污泥经超声预处理后进行回流试验,考察超声作用后净水沉淀污泥絮体特性的变化及其对回流效能的影响.结果表明:超声作用后污泥溶液的温度升高,絮体粒径减小,长时间作用后粒径可降至几个mm,且粒径与声能密度呈现相关性;1,5W/mL的超声处理后,絮体Zeta电位降低,比表面积增大,10,15W/mL的超声处理后絮体Zeta电位升高,比表面积有所下降;低声能密度(1W/mL)超声处理后污泥回流可强化混凝效果,30min超声作用后污泥回流的浊度、UV254和CODMn去除率分别提高了2.7%、23.12%和10.02%,长时间高声能密度(15W/mL)超声波处理污泥回流后混凝效果反而恶化.超声技术对污泥回流后污染物的去除率有一定的提高,但超声时间和声能密度必须很好控制.     

中国3个AERONET站点气溶胶微物理特性分析及比较

选取中国地区区域代表性较强且观测时间序列较长的3个AERONET站点(SACOL、香河和太湖),分析了其气溶胶微物理参数特征. 香河和太湖多年平均气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)分别为0.67±0.66和0.72±0.44,是SACOL AOD平均值(0.38±0.27)的近2倍,且AOD变化范围较大. SACOL春冬季AOD较大,夏秋季AOD较小;而香河和太湖夏春季较大,秋冬季较小.结合尺度分布、体积浓度等参数特征说明沙尘是SACOL春季最主要的气溶胶类型,香河春季受沙尘的影响也较严重,而太湖受沙尘影响的频率较香河要小的多;香河和太湖AOD最大值出现月份与细模态粒子体积浓度最大值出现月份一致,是由于细模态粒子的消光效率是粗模态粒子的3~4倍.细模态体积比(Vf/Vt)的年变化趋势与?ngstr?m波长指数(?)的年变化趋势相似,Vf/Vt和?均可以用来分析粒子尺度大小的年变化特征.但?1.7时,Vf/Vt大于0.6,以细模态粒子为主;而0.75相似文献   

Vectorization of agrochemicals: amino acid carriers are more efficient than sugar carriers to translocate phenylpyrrole conjugates in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ricinus</Emphasis> system

Producing quality food in sufficient quantity while using less agrochemical inputs will be one of the great challenges of the twenty-first century. One way of achieving this goal is to greatly reduce the doses of plant protection compounds by improving the targeting of pests to eradicate. Therefore, we developed a vectorization strategy to confer phloem mobility to fenpiclonil, a contact fungicide from the phenylpyrrole family used as a model molecule. It consists in coupling the antifungal compound to an amino acid or a sugar, so that the resulting conjugates are handled by active nutrient transport systems. The method of click chemistry was used to synthesize three conjugates combining fenpiclonil to glucose or glutamic acid with a spacer containing a triazole ring. Systemicity tests with the Ricinus model have shown that the amino acid promoiety was clearly more favorable to phloem mobility than that of glucose. In addition, the transport of the amino acid conjugate is carrier mediated since the derivative of the L series was about five times more concentrated in the phloem sap than its counterpart of the D series. The systemicity of the L-derivative is pH dependent and almost completely inhibited by the protonophore carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). These data suggest that the phloem transport of the L-derivative is governed by a stereospecific amino acid carrier system energized by the proton motive force.     

盐度对膜-生物反应器污泥表观硝化速率的抑制机理

为研究盐度对膜-生物反应器(MBR)污泥表观硝化速率的抑制机理,采用批次试验模拟不同盐度条件下MBR活性污泥的硝化反应并测定其表观硝化速率、自养菌活性和SMP、EPS中脱氧核糖核酸和蛋白质的含量变化.结果表明,随着盐度的不断提高,污泥表观硝化速率逐渐下降,当盐度大于12.5g/L时,污泥体系出现NH4+-N含量上升的现象.自养菌的活性逐渐被抑制,抑制程度和盐度正相关,当盐度大于2.5g/L时,SMP和EPS中DNA的含量逐步上升,细胞结构被破坏是微生物活性被抑制的原因.SMP和EPS中蛋白质含量随着盐度的提升明显增长,蛋白质在污泥系统水解并发生氨化释放NH4+-N也是表观硝化速率下降的原因;当盐度小于12.5g/L,系统释放NH4+-N对表观硝化速率抑制作用随着盐度的提高而不断提升.     

Low SO2 emission from CFB co-firing MSW and bituminous

Influence of co-firing rate on SO2 emission from co-firing municipal solid waste(MSW) and bituminous containing high amount of sulfur(1.79%) was studied in a 0.15 MWt circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The temperature selected is 1123 K, typical for MSW incineration using CFB. The particle concentration in the dilution zone of the furnace, the alkali metal concentration and sulfate concentration in the recirculating ash and fly ash, and flue gas composition were determined. The results showed that the addition of MSW leads to a significant decrease in SO2 emission. Concentration of SO2 in flue gas decreased to 0 with the co-firing rate greater than 51%. This reduction in SO2 emission is attributed both to the high particle concentration in the dilution zone of the furnace, the high content of alkali metals in the bed material, and to the comparatively high concentration of HCI in flue gas during co-firing of MSW and bituminous.     

大型火电厂锅炉烟气袋式除尘技术与应用

介绍了国家863课题"燃煤电厂锅炉烟气微细粒子高效控制技术与设备"的研究成果,包括脉冲袋式除尘技术和设备的研发.通过在大型火电厂将电除尘器改造为袋式除尘器的实践,体现了研究成果在燃煤电厂锅炉烟气除尘工程中的应用.直通均流式袋式除尘器是针对我国燃煤电厂锅炉烟气条件和国情研发的专用除尘设备,具有净化效率高、系统阻力低、运行可靠、检修维护方便等特点,能在烟尘高负荷下安全运行,特别适合于大型燃煤电厂锅炉烟气的净化.     

应用人工阶梯 深潭系统治理泥石流沟的尝试

泥石流的主要破坏性在于其能量巨大，输送大量物质造成生命财产损失，消耗泥石流的起动及运动能量能防止泥石流发生或使泥石流的破坏性大大降低，为泥石流治理提供了新的思路。通过在甘肃西汉水流域的泥石流支沟拦山沟进行人工阶梯 深潭系统试验，2009~2010年汛期观测发现阶梯 深潭系统能增强沟道阻力，抬高侵蚀基准面，从而控制侵蚀下切，且多级的阶梯 深潭系统通过跌水和水跃能有效消散水流能量，在一定程度上抑制了泥石流的起动和加速，使得泥石流在阶梯上游停留堆积，淤满的阶梯在河床纵剖面仍能保持阶梯形态，起到增强阻力消能的作用，减小了拦山沟泥石流对下游的破坏。消能结构对大坡度山区河流起重要作用，不论是人工消能结构还是自然消能结构，都能起到增阻消能的作用，对山区河流治理起到积极的作用