排序方式: 共有16条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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Lei Zheng Xingbao Gao Wei Wang Zifu Li Lingling Zhang Shikun Cheng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(1):5
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应急通信预案作为应急通信保障的行动纲领,其文本有效性将直接影响预案有效性,进而影响到整个应急救援行动的有效性。针对预案文本有效性问题,从文本故障视角出发,基于故障树分析法构建通信保障应急预案有效性评估模型;采用语句成分分析法和伪代码转换法对预案进行故障形式诊断,结合标准故障树,计算预案的有效性并给出具体评估步骤;最终,通过4个样本预案对模型进行实例分析,结果表明:该模型能够提高预案文本故障的识别效率,对预案的编制或修订具有参考意义。 相似文献
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基于ETM+图像的植被覆盖度遥感估算模型 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
植被覆盖度(VFC)的定量遥感是多种地表过程研究的迫切需要.文章选用南京市一幅Landsat 7 ETM 图像,经大气校正后提取了归一化植被指数(NDVI),与地面实测的植被覆盖度进行回归分析,建立了1~4次多项式关系模型.结果表明,NDVI与VFC呈极显著的正相关关系(r = 0.874, P < 0.001).在NDVI-VFC的1~4次多项式关系模型中,模型幂次越高,拟合程度越好.综合考虑模型的精度和稳定性,3次多项式模型作为最优模型推荐使用:VFC = -1.3438 NDVI 3 0.9774 NDVI 2 0.9988 NDVI 0.1507 (R2 = 0.7961, RMSE = 0.1094),该模型精度在植被中等密集区域(VFC=0.4~0.8)最高,植被稀疏区域(VFC < 0.4)最低,植被密集区域(VFC > 0.8)居中.模型可直接用于全图像的VFC计算,并可通过植被指数的校准,进行推广使用. 相似文献
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对比分析传统干化床、芦苇生态床及芦苇-蚯蚓复合生态床3种处理方式对城镇污水处理厂剩余污泥的处理效果. 结果表明:传统干化床处理简单易行、成本低,但脱水效率低,处理15 d后污泥含水率仍在79.8%左右. 芦苇生态床较传统干化床具有明显优势,其处置后污泥含水率可降至67.8%,但其对有机质、TN、TP的去除效果不明显. 芦苇-蚯蚓复合生态床对污泥脱水效果最佳:①污泥含水率由原来的95.1%降至44.4%,体积明显减少,达到了污泥减量化的目标;②扫描电镜试验显示,处理后污泥具有孔隙及片状结构,有利于水分散失;③污泥中w(有机质)、w(TN)、w(TP)分别降低了14.5%、20.3%和13.2%左右. 热重分析发现,污泥中不稳定化合物含量有所降低. 经芦苇-蚯蚓复合生态床处理后,Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr残渣态所占比例分别由原污泥的3.2%、23.7%、15.2%、55.8%增至73.3%、43.1%、78.3%和78.6%,大幅降低了重金属的迁移风险,并且污泥红外图谱显示─COOH和酰胺明显增多,有利于重金属的稳定. 综上,复合生态床可有效实现污泥减量,并且降低了二次污染的风险. 相似文献
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采用清洁生产概念与思维模式,对铜铬催化剂生产全过程进行审核,找出造成其产率低、活性差、污染重的原因及影响因素。以新催化剂研制理论和方法为指导,探讨铜铬催化剂用于糠醇生产过程中提高其产率、活性、原材料利用率以及减轻污染的清洁生产工艺。试验结果表明,在pH为6.2~6.5、Cu/Cr质量比为1:1、反应温度为65℃,活化温度为400℃的条件下,催化剂能获得较高产率和活性。按此新工艺生产的催化剂,产率可提高22%,Cr^6 的排放量可减少95%,活性可提高一倍,废品率可由原来的10%降至零。 相似文献
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Emmanuel Alepu Odey Zifu Li Xiaoqin Zhou Loissi Kalakodio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(30):23441-23452
The problems posed by fecal sludge (FS) are multidimensional because most cities rapidly urbanize, which results in the increase in population, urban settlement, and waste generation. Issues concerning health and waste treatment have continued to create alarming situations. These issues had indeed interfered with the proper steps in managing FS, which contaminates the environment. FS can be used in agriculture as fertilizer because it is an excellent source of nutrients. The recent decline in crop production due to loss of soil organic component, erosion, and nutrient runoff has generated interest in the recycling of FS into soil nutrients through stabilization and composting. However, human feces are considerably liable to spread microorganisms to other persons. Thus, sanitation, stabilization, and composting should be the main objectives of FS treatment to minimize the risk to public and environmental health. This review presents an improved FS management (FSM) and technology option for soil amendment that is grouped into three headings, namely, (1) collection, (2) treatment, and (3) composting. On the basis of the literature review, the main problems associated with the collection and treatment of FS, such as inadequate tools and improper treatment processes, are summarized, and the trends and challenges that concern the applicability of each of the technologies in developing urban centers are critically reviewed. Stabilization during pretreatment before composting is suggested as the best method to reduce pathogens in FS. Results are precisely intended to be used as a support for decisions on policies and strategies for FSM and investments for improved treatment facilities. 相似文献
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Liu Jianli Yao Jun Sunahara Geoffrey Wang Fei Li Zifu Duran Robert 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24806-24818
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Migration and transformation of toxic metal (loid) s in tailing sites inevitably lead to ecological disturbances and serious threats to the... 相似文献
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Yang Zhang Zifu Li Ibrahim B. Mahmood 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(6):825-834
NH4^+ ion, a main pollutant in aquatic systems, not only causes eutrophication in rivers and lakes but also contributes to fish toxicity. In this study, an eco-friendly biosorbent was prepared from the pyrolysis of corn cob, a low-cost agricultural residue. The biochars produced by pyrolysis of corn cob at 400℃ and 600℃ were characterized and investigated as adsorbents for NH4+ -N from an aqueous solution. The biochars were characterized through elemental analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-N2 surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the NH4+ adsorption process of the corn cob biochars. The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the adsorption process better than the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Moreover, the adsorption process was well described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Results of thermodynamic analysis suggested that adsorption was a nonspontaneous exothermic process. Biochars produced at 400℃ had higher adsorption capacity than those produced at 600℃ because of the presence of polar functional groups with higher acidity. The exhausted biochar can be potentially used as soil conditioner, which can provide 6.37 kg NH4+-N-t^-1 (N fertilizer per ton of biochar). 相似文献