Analysis of China’s carbon emission driving factors based on the perspective of eight major economic regions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Low-carbon transition has gradually become the focus of research on environmental issues. This paper takes China’s eight major economic regions...     

松毛虫遗传多样性研究中AFLP反应体系的建立

以油松毛虫为材料,对T4 DNA连接酶不同用量、预扩增中的Mg~(2+)浓度、dNTP浓度、引物浓度以及选择性扩增巾的预扩增产物稀释倍数、Mg2~(2+) 浓度、dNTP浓度、引物浓度和Taq酶浓度进行了比较分析.最终建立了适合松毛虫的AFLP反应体系.用优化的AFLP反应体系,以油松毛虫、赤松毛虫和马尾松毛虫为材料筛选引物,从81对引物组合中筛选出10对多态性高的引物组合.图9参17     

爆炸荷载下钢箱梁桥动力响应机理与关键参数研究∗

为了探讨钢箱梁桥在爆炸荷载下的动力响应机理及关键参数对其影响规律,基于流固耦合方法,建立了钢箱梁桥、空气和炸药有限元模型,分析了爆炸荷载下钢箱梁桥动力响应机理。随后针对钢箱梁桥的关键参数,分析了各参数对钢箱梁桥的动力响应影响灵敏度,提出了钢箱梁桥在抗爆设计时参数选取规律。研究结果表明：在爆炸荷载作用下,钢箱梁桥的破坏主要分为三阶段。钢材性能由 Q345 提高为 907A 钢,钢箱梁桥的凹坑深度和塑性变形区面积减小了 33.91% 和 27.93%;截面形式和爆炸位置两个关键参数的改变涉及纵横隔板对主要迎爆区薄弱位置的加固,能够明显提高钢箱梁桥的抗爆能力。比例距离 0.1 m/kg^1/3 ,爆炸位置相同,约束形式由简支改为固支,对钢箱梁桥抗爆性能提升几乎无影响。     

上海市生活垃圾分类政策实施中问题的分析

文章对上海市垃圾分类管理条例推行中所遇问题进行分析。结果表明:条例内容的逻辑性及群众对条例的接受度是影响实施效果的主要原因,同时提出条例推行是否会对拾荒者生存产生一定影响的思考。在结合国外垃圾分类经验基础上为我国各大城市推进垃圾分类政策、开展我国环境保护工作、培养群众行为道德意识提供参考。     

厦门市电磁环境解析

为了掌握厦门市电磁环境状况,于2014—2015年对厦门市进行网格分区季度监测,由监测数据发现厦门市区的电磁辐射强度较低,其整体电磁环境监测值符合《电磁环境控制限值》(GB 8702—2014)标准的要求。不同区域低频磁感应强度呈现工业区商业区文教居住区旅游风景区的特点,其中商业区、文教居住区比总体平均水平(0.181μT)略低;射频电磁辐射呈现工业区商业区旅游风景区文教居住区的特点,商业区、旅游风景区的平均辐射强度比较接近,接近平均水平(0.73 V/m);运用主成分法分析电场和磁场分布的综合特征,分布表现为4个主成分;还发现了4代不同代际移动通信信号的分布规律,一代、二代手机代表通讯频段信号强度更高,强信号覆盖的范围也更大;三代手机代表通讯频段信号在中心城区、商业区和个别旅游风景区较强;四代手机代表通讯频段信号在中心城区和商业区较强。     

关于酒泉某矿井空气预热系统的探讨

我国矿井空气预热最常用方法之一为空气加热器方法,这类系统在实际运行过程中存在一些问题。通过对酒泉某矿井预热方式分析,提出了此方法在空气设备选型及其布置形式和系统自动控制等方面的一些改进意见。     

水蕴草对不同程度富营养化水体中氮磷去除能力的研究

通过静态模拟试验,研究了沉水植物水蕴草[Elodeadensa（Planch.）Casp.]对5种不同程度富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除能力。实验结果表明,水蕴草在5种不同程度富营养化水体中均能正常生长,且对水体中的氮、磷均表现出良好的净化效果。5种不同程度富营养化水体的TN、NO₃-N、NH₄-N、TP浓度分别由初始的3～36、2.25～27、1.2～9、1.2～14.4 mg/L降至0.29～6.82、0.3～5.8、0～1.035、0.022～5.51 mg/L。在模拟的不同营养浓度条件下,水蕴草对5种水体中TN、NO₃-N、NH₄-N、TP的累积去除率分别为:17%～28%、62%～88%、30%～70%、60%～100%。研究同时发现,水蕴草可以较好地净化不同程度的富营养化水体,并能保持清洁水体水质。     

铁循环微生物对环境中重金属的影响研究进展

铁循环微生物包括铁氧化菌(Fe(Ⅱ)-oxidizing bacteria,FeOB)和铁还原菌(Fe(Ⅲ)-reducing bacteria,FeRB),在由它们介导Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺)氧化(还原)的过程中,往往也伴随着一系列重金属元素的迁移转化,对重金属在环境中的生物有效性和迁移性方面有重要作用.本文综述了环境中的铁循环微生物,针对铁循环微生物驱动重金属迁移转化的作用机制,分别从铁氧化菌氧化亚铁生成铁矿物对重金属的固定,铁还原菌介导铁矿物还原溶解及次生矿物生成,以及铁循环微生物代谢耦合重金属形态转化方面进行阐述;进一步通过研究实例综述了铁循环微生物对环境中砷、镉、铬、铜、铅等重金属的作用及修复潜力;未来的研究可关注特定微生物的成矿机制,生物成矿对重金属固定的调控,以及重金属复合污染场地的铁循环微生物修复应用等方面.本文以期为基于铁循环微生物的重金属污染修复提供理论指导和应用依据.     

Gamma irradiation-induced decomposition of sulfamethoxazole in aqueous solution: the influence of additives,biological inhibitory,and degradation mechanisms

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was decomposed by using gamma irradiation in the presence of different additives such as NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻, Cr(VI), 2-propanol, and tert-butanol. The results demonstrated that NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol inhibited SMX radiolytic removal. However, there existed a synergetic effect for radiolytic removal of the mixture containing SMX and Cr(VI). At an absorbed dose of 150 Gy, the removal percentages of SMX and Cr(VI) in the mixture were 73.5 and 84.6%, respectively, which was higher than the removal percentages of 70.6 and 4.1% for the single component of SMX and Cr(VI). This provides us an insight into treating the combined pollution in micro-polluted water. The SMX radiolytic removal followed a pseudo first-order reaction kinetic model, and the rate constant ratios of ·OH, e_aq ⁻, and H· towards SMX radiolysis were 10.4:1:2.9. In addition, 24-h bio-inhibitory to the macroalgae of SMX solution during gamma irradiation reached the maximum of 0.85 at an adsorbed dose of 100 Gy, then gradually decreased with the increasing adsorbed dose. Based on LC-MS analysis and quantum chemical calculation, the degradation intermediates were determined and concluded that SMX radiolytic removal was mainly via ·OH radical attack and direct decomposition of SMX molecule by gamma ray.

     

Sensitive immunoassay detection of multiple environmental chemicals on protein microarrays using DNA/dye conjugate as a fluorescent label

Indirect competitive immunoassays were developed on protein microarrays for the sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple environmental chemicals in one sample. In this assay, a DNA/SYTOX Orange conjugate was employed as an antibody label to increase the fluorescence signal and sensitivity of the immunoassays. Epoxy-modified glass slides were selected as the substrate for the production of 4 × 4 coating antigen microarrays. With this signal-enhancing system, competition curves for 17β-estradiol (E2), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) were obtained individually on the protein microarray. The IC(50) and calculated limit of detection (LOD) are 0.32 μg L(-1) and 0.022 μg L(-1) for E2, 37.2 μg L(-1) and 24.5 μg L(-1) for BaP, and 31.6 μg L(-1) and 2.8 μg L(-1) for BDE-47, respectively. LOD of E2 is 14-fold lower than the value reported in a previous study using Cy3 labeled antibody (Du et al., Clin. Chem, 2005, 51, 368-375). The results of the microarray immunoassay were within 15% of chromatographic analysis for all three pollutants in spiked river water samples, thus verifying the immunoassay. Simultaneous detection of E2, BaP and BDE-47 in one sample was demonstrated. There was no cross-reaction in the immunoassay between these three environmental chemicals. These results suggest that microarray-based immunoassays with DNA/dye conjugate labels are useful tools for the rapid, sensitive, and high throughput screening of multiple environmental contaminants.