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Mirco Bundschuh Michael C. Newman Jochen P. Zubrod Frank Seitz Ricki R. Rosenfeldt Ralf Schulz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7341-7347
Although generally misunderstood, the p value is the probability of the test results or more extreme results given H0 is true: it is not the probability of H0 being true given the results. To obtain directly useful insight about H0, the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative predictive value (NPV) may be useful extensions of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). They provide information about the probability of statistically significant and non-significant test outcomes being true based on an a priori defined biologically meaningful effect size. The present study explores the utility of PPV and NPV in an ecotoxicological context by using the frequently applied Daphnia magna reproduction test (OECD guideline 211) and the chemical stressor lindane as a model system. The results indicate that especially the NPV deviates meaningfully between a test design strictly following the guideline and an experimental procedure controlling for α and β at the level of 0.05. Consequently, PPV and NPV may be useful supplements to NHST that inform the researcher about the level of confidence warranted by both statistically significant and non-significant test results. This approach also reinforces the value of considering α, β, and a biologically meaningful effect size a priori. 相似文献
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Climate change scenarios predict lower flow rates during summer that may lead to higher proportions of wastewater in small and medium sized streams. Moreover, micropollutants (e.g. pharmaceuticals and other contaminants) continuously enter aquatic environments via treated wastewater. However, there is a paucity of knowledge, whether extended exposure to secondary treated wastewater disrupts important ecosystem functions, e.g. leaf breakdown. Therefore, the amphipod shredder Gammarus fossarum was exposed to natural stream water (n = 34) and secondary treated wastewater (n = 32) for four weeks in a semi-static test system under laboratory conditions. G. fossarum exposed to wastewater showed significant reductions in feeding rate (25%), absolute consumption (35%), food assimilation (50%), dry weight (18%) and lipid content (22%). Thus, high proportions of wastewater in the stream flow may affect both the breakdown rates of leaf material and thus the availability of energy for the aquatic food web as well as the energy budget of G. fossarum. 相似文献
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Jochen P Zubrod Dragan M Jevti? Aupaki Michael Melato Annika Agatz Dominic Englert Tilman Floehr Varja Kne?evi? Mirco Weil Markus Brinkmann 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2012,24(1):1-2
The Student Advisory Council is the speaking tube of SETAC Europe??s students aiming to support young researchers in becoming fully-fledged members of the Society. In this article we report our latest activities during the 6th SETAC World Congress/SETAC Europe 22nd Annual Meeting in Berlin, Germany, and the upcoming 3rd Young Environmental Scientists (YES) Meeting in Krakow, Poland. 相似文献
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Bundschuh Mirco Zubrod Jochen P. Konschak Marco Baudy Patrick Frombold Bianca Schulz Ralf 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(36):49550-49558
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanoparticulate titanium dioxide (nTiO2) is frequently applied, raising concerns about potential side effects on the environment. While various... 相似文献
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Production and use of engineered nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2), is increasing worldwide, enhancing their probability to enter aquatic environments. However, direct effects of nTiO2 as well as ecotoxicological consequences due to the interactions of nTiO2 with environmental factors like ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on representatives of detrital food webs have not been assessed so far. Hence, the present study displayed for the first time adverse sublethal effects of nTiO2 at concentrations as low as 0.2 mg L−1 on the leaf shredding amphipod Gammarus fossarum both in presence and absence of ambient UV-irradiation following a 7-d exposure. In absence of UV-irradiation, however, the effects seemed to be driven by accumulation of nTiO2 at the bottom of the test vessels to which the gammarids were potentially exposed. The adverse sublethal and lethal effects on gammarids caused by the combined application of nTiO2 and ambient UV-irradiation are suggested to be driven by the formation of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, both the accumulation of nTiO2 at the bottom of the test vessel and the UV induced formation of reactive oxygen species clearly affected its ecotoxicity, which is recommended for consideration in the environmental risk assessment of nanoparticles. 相似文献
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