京津冀地区一次污染过程的星载地基激光雷达联合观测分析

针对2018年3月9—15日京津冀地区的一次空气重污染过程,进行了基于地基颗粒物激光雷达组网的星载-地基联合观测分析。颗粒物激光雷达观测到污染前期为局地污染累积过程,中期有明显的污染物区域传输过程,北京受太行山沿线城市污染输送影响较大。风廓线激光雷达观测结果表明:此次污染过程近地面主要为偏南风且风力较弱,冷空气到来时风向转为较强东北风,导致污染消散。微波辐射计观测到保定在污染过程中出现持续6 d的逆温层,同时在污染过程中近地面相对湿度较高,逆温层被打破后污染开始消散。在污染过程的各个阶段中,污染团的空间分布与变化特征均被很好地反映出来,可见地天联合观测对污染物的累积与输送研究有较大的意义,能对京津冀及周边地区的大气污染联防联控提供有力支持。     

Effect of pressure and atmosphere during hydrothermal treatment on the properties of sewage sludge-derived solid fuel

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Efforts to improve the performance of hydrothermal treatment (HT) in producing high-quality solid fuel from sewage sludge were carried out by...     

双循环多级水幕脱硫塔的设计和性能测试

双循环多级水幕脱硫塔是在常规两段式湿法脱硫塔基础上加以改进而成的新型脱硫塔,其双循环浆液采用不同pH控制,低pH促进CaCO2溶解,高pH提高SO2吸收效果;同时,多级水幕强化气液流态,增加气液接触面积和传质动力,促进对SO2的吸收.实验利用SPSSV13.0软件进行正交实验设计,通过数据分析得出两个不同的优化运行方案,再利用多指标分析法中的综合平衡法进行单因素实验,得出最优运行方案.在最优运行方案条件下,即烟气流量为100 m3/h,上循环浆液pH为6.0,下循环浆液pH为4.8,上、下循环液气比均为20 L/m3,人口 SO2质量浓度为1 000mg/m3时,脱硫效率达97.8%,CaCO3利用率为95.2%,钙硫质量比约为1.03.双循环多级水幕脱硫塔具有良好的应用前景,实验结果对现场脱硫系统的调试和运行有很好的参考价值.     

污水灌溉风险概率分布的研究

针对目前我国水资源紧缺、用大量污水进行农田灌溉造成环境污染的现状,指出了污水灌溉风险研究中的不足.利用农业干旱模型,通过非参数检验对污水灌溉风险的概率分布进行了研究,并利用江苏省南京地区某污灌区的实际资料,计算了当地污水灌溉风险的概率分布.     

区域水战略方案选优的动态组合评价模型研究

水安全危机是人类进入新世纪以来在生存及发展方面所面临的最严重挑战之一。研究科学合理的水安全战略成为区域可持续发展的重大课题。针对区域水战略问题涉及众多因素且各因素之间动态关联的特点，提出了基于水战略方案优选的兼容度极大化动态组合评价模型（CMM—DCEM），并将其成功地应用于我国广东省北江下游及其三角洲地区水安全战略方案优选评价。评价结果及模型基于不确定性的敏感性分析结果证明：CMM—DCEM实现了主、客观赋权方法以及单一评价模型的融合，使用实码加速遗传算法求解目标函数，克服了传统的组合评价方法计算繁琐的不足，评价过程更加科学合理。     

A directional passive air sampler for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass

A passive air sampler was developed for collecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass from various directions. The airflow velocity within the sampler was assessed for its responses to ambient wind speed and direction. The sampler was examined for trapped particles, evaluated quantitatively for influence of airflow velocity and temperature on PAH uptake, examined for PAH uptake kinetics, calibrated against active sampling, and finally tested in the field. The airflow volume passing the sampler was linearly proportional to ambient wind speed and sensitive to wind direction. The uptake rate for an individual PAH was a function of airflow velocity, temperature and the octanol-air partitioning coefficient of the PAH. For all PAHs with more than two rings, the passive sampler operated in a linear uptake phase for three weeks. Different PAH concentrations were obtained in air masses from different directions in the field test.     

Gauging the environmental efficiency with ecological compensation in presence of missing data using data envelopment analysis

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The ecological compensation mechanism is regarded as the direction for the future management of the ecological environment of the river basin, which...