排序方式: 共有5条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
Monitoring of the microbial community composition in saline aquifers during CO2 storage by fluorescence in situ hybridisation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Daria Morozova Maren Wandrey Mashal Alawi Martin Zimmer Andrea Vieth Michael Zettlitzer Hilke Würdemann the COSINK Group 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(6):981-989
This study reveals the first analyses of the composition and activity of the microbial community of a saline CO2 storage aquifer. Microbial monitoring during CO2 injection has been reported. By using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), we have shown that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the CO2 injection. Before CO2 arrival, up to 6 × 106 cells ml−1 were detected by DAPI staining at a depth of 647 m below the surface. The microbial community was dominated by the domain Bacteria that represented approximately 60% to 90% of the total cell number, with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes as the most abundant phyla comprising up to 47% and 45% of the entire population, respectively. Both the total cell counts as well as the counts of the specific physiological groups revealed quantitative and qualitative changes after CO2 arrival. Our study revealed temporal outcompetition of sulphate-reducing bacteria by methanogenic archaea. In addition, an enhanced activity of the microbial population after five months CO2 storage indicated that the bacterial community was able to adapt to the extreme conditions of the deep biosphere and to the extreme changes of these atypical conditions. 相似文献
2.
3.
Vijayaraghavan M Lievano F Cairns L Wolfson L Nandy R Ansari A Golaz A Mashal T Salama P 《Disasters》2006,30(2):256-269
This paper assesses the cost-effectiveness of, and the return on the investment in, the 2002 catch-up and the 2003 follow-up measles campaigns in Afghanistan from the perspective of the donor. The catch-up campaign targeted nearly 12 million children aged between six months and 12 years, while the follow-up campaign targeted over five million children aged between 9 and 59 months. Both campaigns successfully vaccinated approximately 96 per cent of the respective target populations, and are expected to avert an estimated 301,000 measles deaths over the next 10 years. The average cost per dose of measles vaccine delivered was USD 0.40. The cost per death prevented is USD 23.6, assuming a case fatality rate of 10 per cent and a discount rate of three per cent. With more than 42,000 measles deaths avoided for every one million US dollars spent, the campaigns are an excellent public health investment for precluding childhood mortality in a country affected by a complex emergency. 相似文献
4.
Formation of secondary minerals and Cs mobility in Hanford sediments were investigated under conditions similar to the Hanford tank leak in a dynamic flow system at 50°C. The objectives were to (1) examine the nature and locations of secondary mineral phases precipitated in the sediments and (2) quantify the amount of Cs retained by the sediment matrix at 50°C. To this end, Hanford sediments were packed into 10-cm long columns and leached with simulated tank waste consisting of 1.4 M NaOH, 0.125 M NaAlO2, 3.7 M NaNO3, and 1.3 × 10???4 M Cs at 50°C. Compositions of outflow solution were monitored with time for up to 25 days, and the columns were then segmented into four 2.5-cm long layers. The colloidal fraction in these segments was characterized in terms of mineralogy, particle morphology, Cs content, and short-range Al and Si structure. It was observed that cancrinite and sodalite precipitated at 50°C. Approximately 53% Cs was retained in the column treated by the simulated tank waste at this temperature. Cesium retention in the column was lowered in the high ionic strength solution due to competition from Na for the exchange sites. This can be explained by alteration of distribution and number of sorption sites which reduces the selectivity of Cs for Na, and through the formation of cancrinite and sodalite. The formation of hydroxide complexes in highly alkaline solutions could also contribute to relatively poor retention of Cs by hindering ion exchange mechanism. 相似文献
5.
Elucidation of phosphorous sorption by calcareous soils using principal component analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kholoud Mashal Yahya S. Al-Degs Mohammed Al-Qinna Mohammed Salahat 《Chemistry and Ecology》2014,30(2):133-146
This study was conducted to understand the mechanisms governing P-sorption and desorption by calcareous soils (up to 48% CaCO 3). Batch experiments with KCl as background were carried out by adding varying amount of P up to 100 mgP.L?1. The desorption percentage (%DES) results show that little P was released from the adsorbed phase. Principal component analysis was applied to evaluate the combined influence of soil components on P sorption. The complex P sorption process can be related to specific soil components by the following equation: P? sorption=?2.20 (CaCO 3% )?0.04 (Fe? oxide)+0.04 (pHe)+11.02 (sand % )+3.35 (silt)?10.73 (clay)?1.24 (EC)?0.22 (OM)?0.81 (CEC)?1.93 (P? Olsen) (R2=0.9941, SSE=380). Sand% and clay% are the most significant variables for modelling P sorption data. The derived equation could be applied to predict P sorption in other soils that have similar compositions to those investigated herein. The degree of P saturation (DPS) threshold level for all soils was less than 3% except in the soil with the lowest iron oxide. All of the studied soils have exceeded the environmentally unacceptable P concentration except the soil with the lowest iron oxide content. 相似文献
1