Effects of rare earth elements on the distribution of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish

In order to investigate the effects of rare earth elements (REEs) on horseradish, the distribution of the mineral elements and heavy metals in different organs of horseradish have been studied by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Meanwhile, three variable major parameters, namely the concentration of REEs, the type of REEs, and the growth stage of plant were chosen. The results indicated that the test REEs, Ce(III) and Tb(III), could be accumulated in leaves, stems and roots of horseradish. In addition, we found that the content of mineral elements was increased in horseradish treated with 20mgl(-1) of Ce(III), but not those with the 20mgl(-1) of Tb(III). Moreover, the content of mineral elements in horseradish was decreased with the increasing concentration of REEs (100, 300mgl(-1)). Furthermore, we found that there were the opposite effects on the content of the heavy metals in horseradish treated with REEs. Finally, we found that the effect of REEs on the accumulation of REEs, and the content of mineral elements or heavy metals of horseradish during vigorous growth stage, no matter positive or negative, was more obvious than that of the other growth stages. These results demonstrated that the distribution behaviors of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish can be affected by the type and concentration of REEs, and the growth period of plant.     

武当山夏季颗粒物数浓度谱分布特征及气团来源影响研究

为研究大气边界层中上层大气颗粒物的数浓度谱分布特征及气团来源的影响,于2018年6月利用3080型SMPS粒径谱仪对武当山14.6~660 nm颗粒物数浓度谱进行观测,分析和探讨了其数浓度谱分布及日变化特征,并结合后向轨迹、潜在源贡献因子法（PSCF）与浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）探讨对武当山颗粒物数浓度影响较大的外源输送路径和贡献源区.结果表明:①武当山大气颗粒物主要以爱根模态为主,平均数浓度为2 500个/cm3,积聚模态、核膜态平均数浓度分别为2 265、359个/cm3,3种模态数浓度分别占总数浓度的48.79%、44.21%、7.01%.②在新粒子生成日,核膜态数浓度于10:00开始上升,11:00—17:00的核膜态数浓度相对较高,约2 000个/cm3.新粒子生成日ρ（SO₂）与ρ（O₃）的日变化趋势均与核模态数浓度较为相似,表明SO₂和O₃参与光化学反应后的产物（硫酸及有机物）有利于新粒子的生成与增长.新粒子生成日风速、温度均大于非新粒子生成日,但相对湿度较低.③在东部及局地气团影响下大气颗粒物主要以积聚模态为主,数浓度分别为2 311和2 596个/cm3;核模态、爱根模态数浓度在受西北气团影响时最大,数浓度分别为806和3 078个/cm3.④潜在源区分析表明,影响武当山积聚模态数浓度的主要源区为十堰市本地及襄阳市,二者贡献值在840个/cm3以上.研究显示,武当山颗粒物主要以爱根模态为主,颗粒物数浓度日变化主要受大气边界层发展及山谷风的影响,较高的ρ（SO₂）与ρ（O₃）以及高温、低湿及较大的风速均有利于新粒子的生成,周边城市的区域性传输对武当山颗粒物的影响较大.      

一株高效嗜碱反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性研究

为了应对日趋严苛的废水TN排放标准要求,试验采用溴百里酚蓝（BTB）培养基,从某煤化工废水处理厂反硝化缺氧池活性污泥中,经多次分离、纯化获得了一株高效兼性厌氧反硝化菌株HK13.通过形态观察及16S rRNA基因序列分析,菌株HK13被鉴定为施氏假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas stutzeri）.在此基础上,利用含硝酸盐模拟废水,探讨了碳源类型、C/N（碳氮比）、初始pH、溶解氧（以不同摇床转速表征不同浓度的溶解氧）和培养温度对菌株HK13反硝化脱氮能力的影响,确定了该菌株的最优生长条件和最大脱氮效率.结果表明:①菌株HK13最适反硝化脱氮条件为以柠檬酸钠碳源,C/N 8,培养温度35℃,初始pH 8~10,摇床转速100 r/min.②初始ρ（NO₃--N）为106.67 mg/L下,反应12 h后菌株HK13对TN的去除率可达92.62%;反应9~12 h时,该菌株的脱氮速率最高,可达20.03 mg/（L·h）,其16 h的脱氮率在98%以上,且无亚硝酸盐积累.③菌株HK13适宜生长的温度和pH范围广泛,分别为20~40℃和7~10.研究显示,菌株HK13具有快速高效的脱氮能力及嗜碱特性,拓宽了生物脱氮工艺对环境条件的适用范围,在废水脱氮领域具有广泛的应用前景.      

Competitive Retention of Lead and Cadmium on an Agricultural Soil

Lead and cadmium contamination of an agricultural soil has been studied using batch and column experiments. Thermodynamics of theretention phenomena may be represented by a Langmuir isotherm foran aqueous metal concentration up to 100 mg L^-1. First order kinetics with respect to the solid phase yield good predictabilityfor both batch and column experiments. Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead retention predominate over those ofcadmium. As a consequence, lead is preferentially retainedand can even displace sorbed cadmium. In the event of anspill involving both metals, cadmium would move further inthe soil and its aqueous concentration downstream could beeven higher than that of the influent solution, increasingpotential risks. A two-region model has been used to fit all the experimental results. Satisfactory predictions for column experiments are obtained with parameters which are consistent with those obtained for the batch experiments, for which sorption is described by a Langmuir isotherm including competitive retention.     

土壤对六价铬的还原容量初步研究

提出并讨论了土壤的潜在还原容量、有效还原容量和条件还原容量等概念，通过对采用北京和唐山地下水饮用水源区３个包气带土壤样品的土柱淋滤实验，研究了土壤对水溶液中六价铬的还原作用，研究了上述土壤各种还原容量之间的关系及影响因素，探讨了向土壤中投加适量常见，无毒，价廉的还原性物质以提高土壤还原能力的方法和将其应用于去除灌溉用污染地下水中六价铬的可能性，实验结果表明，在正常环境条件下，土壤的有效还原容量比土     

室内外空气污染暴露评价

介绍了国外对室内外空气污染暴露评价的各种方法，并运用微环境结合问卷调查的方法，选择了5种主要的空气污染物；甲醛、二氧化硫、氮氧化物，氮和氡作为检测评价的对象，初步评价了北京市各年龄层次人群的污染物暴露水平。结果表明，大部分暴露量源于室内环境，尤其是工作（或学习）场所及住宅；各年龄层次人群的甲醛日平均暴露量均超过相关环境标准，而其它污染物均不超标；室内空气污染特别是因装修引起的室内空气污染应得到重视。     

辽东湾浅水区水环境质量现状评价

根据1999年8月调查资料，对辽东湾浅水区的水质进行评价。结果表明：该海域大部分涨水指标达到一类水质标准。但无机氮、重金属Pb超标比较严重。河口附近海域水质较差，远岸水质相对较好。     

聚电解质溶液中粘土颗粒的ζ电位

分别测定了 5种不同分子量和 5种不同分子链电荷密度的阴离子聚电解质高分子在钠蒙脱石粘土颗粒表面吸附前后粘粒的ζ电位 ;讨论分析了分子结构和体系环境对粘粒 ζ电位的影响以及聚电解质对粘土 -水分散体系的稳定作用。