Acoustically detected year-round presence of right whales in an urbanized migration corridor

Species' conservation relies on understanding their seasonal habitats and migration routes. North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, migrate from the southeastern U.S. coast to Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, a federally designated critical habitat, from February through May to feed. The whales then continue north across the Gulf of Maine to northern waters (e.g., Bay of Fundy). To enter Cape Cod Bay, right whales must traverse an area of dense shipping and fishing activity in Massachusetts Bay, where there are no mandatory regulations for the protection of right whales or management of their habitat. We used passive acoustic recordings of right whales collected in Massachusetts Bay from May 2007 through October 2010 to determine the annual spatial and temporal distribution of the whales and their calling activity. We detected right whales in the bay throughout the year, in contrast to results from visual surveys. Right whales were detected on at least 24% of days in each month, with the exception of June 2007, in which there were no detections. Averaged over all years, right whale calls were most abundant from February through May. During this period, calls were most frequent between 17:00 and 20:00 local time; no diel pattern was apparent in other months. The spatial distribution of the approximate locations of calling whales suggests they may use Massachusetts Bay as a conduit to Cape Cod Bay in the spring and as they move between the Gulf of Maine and waters to the south in September through December. Although it is unclear how dependent right whales are on the bay, the discovery of their widespread presence in Massachusetts Bay throughout the year suggests this region may need to be managed to reduce the probability of collisions with ships and entanglement in fishing gear.     

粉尘在巷道中的紊流传递分析

建立的粉尘在巷道中的传递方程是一个二维平流扩散输运方程。在巷道顶底板为吸收壁的条件下，导出了粉尘浓度分布函数。传统的工业沉降室沉降效率公式（横向混合模型）只是论文所列方程的一个特例。降低紊流强度和减小紊流扩散系数和纵向弥散系数均可提高沉降效率     

重力作用下尘粒运动的数值解法

提出了重力作用下尘粒运动的数值解法。依据尘粒的重力、浮力及所受到的阻力推出了尘粒自然沉降时的运动方程。当尘粒的运动在斯托克斯领域内时采用理论公式求解其运动轨迹,当尘粒的运动进入非斯托克斯领域内时,提出了修正斯托克斯公式的方法以达到用理论公式来近似模拟该领域内的尘粒自然沉降运动