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Gerald T. Ankley Nelson A. Thomas Dominic M. Di Toro David J. Hansen John D. Mahony Walter J. Berry Richard C. Swartz Robert A. Hoke A. Wayne Garrison Herbert E. Allen Christopher S. Zarba 《Environmental management》1994,18(3):331-337
Due to anthropogenic inputs, elevated concentrations of metals frequently occur in aquatic sediments. In order to make defensible
estimates of the potential risk of metals in sediments and/or develop sediment quality criteria for metals, it is essential
to identify that fraction of the total metal in the sediments that is bioavailable. Studies with a variety of benthic invertebrates
indicate that interstitial (pore) water concentrations of metals correspond very well with the bioavailability of metals in
test sediments. Many factors may influence pore water concentrations of metals; however, in anaerobic sediments a key phase
controlling partitioning of several cationic metals (cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc, copper) into pore water is acid volatile
sulfide (AVS). In this paper, we present an overview of the technical basis for predicting bioavailability of cationic metals
to benthic organisms based on pore water metal concentrations and metal-AVS relationships. Included are discussions of the
advantages and limitations of metal bioavailability predictions based on these parameters, relative both to site-specific
assessments and the development of sediment quality criteria. 相似文献
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Concentrations of silver, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, vanadium, and zinc were determined in dust fallout samples from eight inland locations in Kuwait. Results were used to calculate enrichment factors for metals relative to their abundance in the continental crust using Fe as the conservative element. Five metals (Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and V) showed enrichment factors that were approximately unity (1.3–4.7). Higher enrichment factors for the rest (24–421) suggested an anthropogenic contribution for Ag, Cd, Pb, and Zn. However, all metals in dust fallout (except Pb and Zn) showed a degree of enrichment relative to unpolluted marine sediments that was approximately unity, suggesting a substantial aeolian contribution to trace metals in marine surface sediments. Higher enrichments for Pb and Zn probably reflect a larger input from local pollution sources. This is particularly true for lead, the enrichment of which showed a stronger association with the distribution of urban population. Probable contributions of aeolian transport to a band of elevated lead concentrations in marine surface sediments are discussed. 相似文献
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