This paper seeks to understand why climate information is produced differently from country to country. To do this, we critically examined and compared the social and scientific values that shaped the production of three national climate scenarios in the Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK. A comparative analysis of documentary materials and expert interviews linked to the climate scenarios was performed. Our findings reveal a new typology of use-inspired research in climate science for decision-making: (i) innovators, where the advancement of science is the main objective; (ii) consolidators, where knowledge exchanges and networks are prioritised; and (iii) collaborators, where the needs of users are put first and foremost. These different values over what constitutes ‘good’ science for decision-making are mirrored in the way users were involved in the production process: (i) elicitation, where scientists have privileged decision-making power; (ii) representation, where multiple organisations mediate on behalf of individual users; and (iii) participation, where a multitude of users interact with scientists in an equal partnership. These differences help explain why climate knowledge gains its credibility and legitimacy differently even when the information itself might not be judged as salient and usable. If the push to deliberately co-produce climate knowledge is not sensitive to the national civic epistemology at play in each country, scientist–user interactions may fail to deliver more ‘usable’ climate information.
This article discusses the perspectives of two First Nations of Canada, northeastern British Columbia’s West Moberly First
Nations, Halfway River First Nation, and Treaty 8 Tribal Council, regarding the impacts of industrial resource extraction
in lands critical to their traditional cultures and subsistence activities. This collaborative project interviewed First Nation
government officials and staff as well as community members and Elders, which created a complex picture of physical impacts
of industrial development as well as psychological and cultural concerns. In addition, we briefly explore the impacts of First
Nations being required to constantly participate in consultative processes, such as environmental assessment, designed to
predict potential impacts. We conclude that recognizing and meaningfully addressing all types of impacts that First Nations
experience is critical, both for ensuring environmental justice for indigenous peoples and for recognizing that some land
and resources must remain for indigenous peoples to continue to practice their traditional culture. We note, as well, that
if there is no room amidst industrial resource extraction activities for indigenous peoples, there is also no room for other
environmentally critical values such as healthy ecosystems. 相似文献
Aspects of transboundary, water shortage, and fisheries issues are discussed in the context of the recently completed Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) for the Pacific Islands. The region encompasses some 30 million km2 and approximately 12% of the world's ocean space, and features great geographic, demographic and developmental diversity. Global change, especially sea level rise and sea surface temperature increases, is the dominant transboundary concern as it impacts all aspects of life. Water shortage and unsustainable fishing issues are selected for discussion, as they will dominate the region into the foreseeable future, and they are illustrated with examples from Fiji, Kiribati, and Tonga. The environmental impacts are exacerbated by socioeconomic issues such as high population growth rates, urban drift, the breakdown of traditional life styles and the rapid adoption of the cash economy. Policy options that may assist in addressing these issues are proposed. 相似文献