Rating the Aggressivity of Australian Passenger Vehicles Towards Other Vehicle Occupants and Unprotected Road Users

Two measures of aggressivity of Australian passenger vehicles have been developed. The first measures the aggressivity to occupants of other cars. This type of aggressivity rating is based on two-car crashes between passenger vehicles and measures the injury risk each make/model in the collisions poses to the drivers of the other vehicles. The second measures aggressivity to unprotected road users. These aggressivity ratings reflect the threat of severe injury to pedestrians, bicyclists and motorcyclists by die make/model of vehicle colliding with them. This analysis was based on nearly 102,000 drivers involved in tow-away crashes with the makes/models which were the focus of the study and on nearly 22,000 injured pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists. The results suggest that crasbworthiness and aggressivity are two different aspects of a vehicle's safety performance, with good performance on one dimension not necessarily being associated with good performance on the other.     

GREENING FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES IN VIETNAM: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

The food processing sector in Vietnam plays a vital role in its economic development, but its rapid growth seems to go hand-in-hand with environmental deterioration. Several decades of applying the conventional end-of-pipe approach made clear that it only deals with treating the symptoms. It is necessary to combine technological (end-of-pipe) solutions to overcome urgent pollution problems with ways to prevent wastes from being generated or to reuse their valuable material. This article presents a methodology for analyzing the possibilities for waste prevention in food processing industry in Vietnam.     

ZnO-ZnCr2O4混合金属氧化物的制备及其光催化降解双酚A

采用共沉淀法制备前驱体ZnCr-LDH,并在不同煅烧温度下制备ZnCr混合金属氧化物(ZnCr-MMO).同时,利用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、PL、UV-vis等对样品的结构、形貌、光学性能进行表征分析.最后,在模拟太阳光照射下,通过光催化降解双酚A研究材料的光催化活性.结果表明,所制备的混合金属氧化物由ZnO和ZnCr_2O_4组成,煅烧温度越高,结晶度越高;与ZnCr-LDH相比,ZnCr-MMO的紫外-可见吸收光谱在紫外和可见光范围均有较强的吸收;随着煅烧温度的升高,ZnCr-MMO荧光光谱强度先减弱后增强;与ZnCr-LDH相比,ZnCr-MMO的光催化活性明显提高,煅烧温度为700℃时制得的ZnCr-MMO光催化活性最高,对BPA的降解率达到75%;该催化剂适于处理pH为5~9的含BPA的废水.     

两性修饰蒙脱石对水中镉和四环素的吸附性能研究

以两性表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)为改性剂制备两性修饰蒙脱石(BS-Mt),在单一体系和Cd~(2+)+TC复合体系中研究其对Cd~(2+)和四环素的吸附行为,同时利用XRD、FTIR、TG-DSC和Zeta电位对两性修饰蒙脱石进行表征分析.表征结果显示,BS-12已成功负载到蒙脱石上,改性后材料表面的负电荷增加;吸附实验结果显示,BS-Mt对Cd~(2+)和四环素的吸附量较Mt有较大的提高;其中BS-Mt对Cd~(2+)的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准一级动力学模型,吸附机理主要为电荷吸附和螯合作用;BS-Mt对四环素的吸附随p H的升高而降低,吸附行为符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,吸附机理主要为电荷吸附和物理吸附.在Cd~(2+)+TC复合体系中Cd~(2+)和TC会形成复合物,Mt和BS-Mt对四环素和Cd~(2+)的吸附量比单一体系增加.     

有机改性蛭石的特性及其对Hg~(2+)吸附性能的研究

以巯基乙胺(MEA)为改性剂制备有机改性蛭石(MEA-VER),研究其对Hg2+的吸附行为,并用XRD、FTIR、BET、Zeta potentials等技术对有机改性蛭石进行表征与分析.XRD、FTIR、BET、Zeta potentials等分析结果显示,MEA成功负载到蛭石上.吸附实验结果表明,改性蛭石对Hg2+的吸附量明显增加,吸附基本在2 h内达到平衡,在p H为5~10范围内都有较好的吸附效果.改性蛭石对Hg2+的吸附更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Pseudo-second-order动力学模型.改性蛭石对Hg2+的吸附机理主要为配位吸附、电荷吸附.