天津市政府召开“建立北方环保科技产业基地动员大会”

2000年6月9日市政府在天津礼堂召开了“建立北方环保科技产业基地动员大会”，国家经贸委副主任王万宾、资源司副司长赵家荣、科技部原副部长韩德乾、天津市副市长梁肃等同志出席会议并做重要讲话，全市各委、办、局、区县政府领导和企业代表300余人参加了会议。     

Using lysosomal membrane stability of haemocytes in Ruditapes philippinarum as a biomarker of cellular stress to assess contamination by caffeine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine and novobiocin

Although pharmaceuticals have been detected in the environment only in the range from ng/L to g/L, it has been demonstrated that they can adversely affect the health status of aquatic organisms. Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) has previously been applied as an indicator of cellular well-being to determine health status in bivalve mussels. The objective of this study is to evaluate LMS in Ruditapes philippinarum haemolymph using the neutral red retention assay (NRRA). Clams were exposed in laboratory conditions to caffeine (0.1, 5, 15, 50 μg/L), ibuprofen (0.1, 5, 10, 50 μg/L), carbamazepine and novobiocin (both at 0.1, 1, 10, 50 μg/L) for 35 days. Results show a dose-dependent effect of the pharmaceuticals. The neutral red retention time measured at the end of the bioassay was significantly reduced by 50% after exposure to environmental concentrations (p < 0.05) (caffeine = 15 μg/L; ibuprofen = 10 μg/L; carbamazepine = 1 μg/L and novobiocin = 1 μg/L), compared to controls. Clams exposed to these pharmaceuticals were considered to present a diminished health status (retention time < 45 min), significantly worse than controls (96 min) (p < 0.05). The predicted no environmental effect concentration (PNEC) results showed that these pharmaceuticals are very toxic at the environmental concentrations tested. Measurement of the alteration of LMS has been found to be a sensitive technique that enables evaluation of the health status of clams after exposure to pharmaceuticals under laboratory conditions, thus representing a robust Tier-1 screening biomarker.     

基于“径流-地类”参数的非点源氮磷负荷估算方法

东江作为广东省重要的饮用水源,其上游农业集水区非点源氮磷流失量备受关注.因此,本文以东江上游上莞河小流域为研究区,利用2011年的集水区水质监测数据,在平均浓度法及输出系数法的基础上,构建基于"径流-地类"参数的非点源氮磷负荷计算式,其径流、地类参数分别通过校正后的SCS模型和土地利用现状图获取,并分别对上莞河流域及流域各地类的非点源氮磷流失量进行估算.研究结果表明,汛期上莞河流域氮磷流失量主要来源于非点源污染,其非点源氮、磷流失量分别占氮、磷流失总量的97.32%、98.05%.坡度对流域非点源氮磷流失影响较小,地类是影响非点源氮磷输出的重要因素.构建的计算式能较好地估算非点源氮、磷负荷量,在次暴雨尺度非点源氮、磷输出量模拟精度分别为84.78%、81.06%.2011年度上莞河流域非点源氮、磷输出量分别为48923.4、7189.3 kg,耕地、居民地分别是非点源氮、磷输出的关键源区,其非点源氮、磷输出量分别占流域非点源氮、磷输出总量的84.20%、58.54%.     

Water quality characteristics of discharge from reforested loose-dumped mine spoil in eastern Kentucky

Surface mining is a common method for extracting coal in the coal fields of eastern Kentucky. Using the Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA), which emphasizes the use of minimally compacted or loose-dumped spoil as a growth medium for trees, reclamation practitioners are successfully reestablishing forests. Yet, questions remain regarding the effects FRA has on the quality of waters discharged to receiving streams. To examine the effect of FRA on water quality, this study compared waters that were discharged from three types of spoils: predominantly brown, weathered sandstone (BROWN); predominantly gray, unweathered sandstone (GRAY); and an equal mixture of both aforementioned sandstones and shale (MIXED). The water quality parameters pH, EC, Ca, K, Mg, Na, NO-N, NH-N, SO, Cl, TC, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settleable solids (SS), and turbidity were monitored over a 2-yr period on six 0.4-ha plots (two replications per spoil type). Generally, levels of Cl, SO, Ca, NO-N, NH-N, SS, SSC, and turbidity decreased over time. The pH for all spoils increased from about 7.5 to 8.5. The EC remained relatively level in the BROWN spoil, whereas the GRAY and MIXED spoils had downward trajectories that were approaching 500 μS cm. The value of 500 μS cm has been reported as the apparent threshold at which certain taxa such as Ephemeroptera (e.g., Mayfly) recolonize disturbed headwater streams of eastern Kentucky and adjacent coal-producing Appalachian states.     

台湾观感(三)

台湾人的大陆印象在政治大学交换期间,我有幸参加了"2010两岸青年学生论坛"。两岸青年论坛在大陆举办过多次,而在台湾这却是头一遭。是因台湾方面有识之士深感:时代发展到了今天,两岸经贸关系日益紧密、民间交流日益频繁,     

珠峰要“美容”

珠峰白雪皑皑却并不干净。一支由中、日、韩、尼泊尔及格鲁吉亚等国家44名人员组成的高山清扫队最近正忙着珠穆朗玛峰高海拔山区为珠峰“洗脸”。此次行动是由日本登山家野口健发起的。清洁队从珠峰6500米至8000米的地段中收集历年来各国登山队遗留下的煤气罐、氧气筒、罐头等垃圾，不幸遇难的登山队员的尸体也在寻找收集之列。在珠峰大本营，有十几个国家的18个登山队正在攀登这座世界最高峰，他们都很熟悉这支国际清洁队，绝大部分队员都要在海拔六七千米的高度工作。清洁队的翻译曾田小姐说：“去年已经为珠峰清洁过一次了。这两次活动都…     

电焊机应安装防触电装置

电焊机应安装防触电装置赵文玉，窦学庆焊接工艺在现代工业企业生产中应用非常广泛。几乎所有的工厂都离不开它。这种装置具有操作简单方便、连接牢固可靠、生产效率高等优点，而交流电焊机又以其焊机制造工艺技术简单、造价低、操作更方便而居选用的首位。所以，各企业在...     

台湾观感(二)

冬季到台北来看雨"冬季到台北来看雨,别在异乡哭泣。轻轻归来,不吵醒往事,就当我从来不曾远离……"流行于上世纪九十年代初的这首歌,出自一个80末90后都不太熟悉的台湾歌手,她叫孟庭苇。我问同龄的台湾朋友:"你们知道有