抗生素制药菌渣处理处置技术评价与分析

通过选取涵盖技术性能、经济效益、环境影响和社会影响4个方面的评估指标体系,建立了关于抗生素制药菌渣的处理处置技术评估层次分析-模糊数学综合筛选模型,其中,层次分析法用于确定一级指标、二级指标的权重,专家打分法与定量法相结合构成了模糊数学综合评估模型。采用评估模型对堆肥、厌氧消化、水煤浆、制备酵母膏/粉代用品、吸附材料、焚烧及填埋7种技术进行了综合评估。结果显示,社会影响和环境影响两项指标权重较大,均为0.338 9,经济效益权重为0.153 5,技术性能权重为0.068 7。堆肥技术为Ⅳ级,厌氧消化、制备酵母膏/粉代用品、水煤浆、吸附材料等技术为Ⅲ级,焚烧技术为Ⅱ级,填埋技术为Ⅰ级。最后,结合各种技术的一级指标和二级指标的得分结果,对各种技术存在的具体问题进行了分析。     

N2O profiles in the enhanced CANON process via long-term N2H4 addition: minimized N2O production and the influence of exogenous N2H4 on N2O sources

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is of growing...     

Fluctuating asymmetry rather than oxidative stress in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo raddei</Emphasis> can be an accurate indicator of environmental pollution induced by heavy metals

Oxidative stress (OS) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as risk markers for environmental stress are widely used to predict changes in the health and fitness of many animals exposed to pollutants. However, from the perspective of protecting declining amphibians, it remains to be verified which one would be a reliable indicator for amphibians exposed to long-term heavy metal pollution under natural conditions. In this study, the OS and FA of Bufo raddei exposed to natural heavy metal pollution were analyzed to determine which marker is more accurate for indicating heavy metal-induced stress. Three years of data were collected during the breeding season of B. raddei from Baiyin (BY), which has been mainly contaminated with Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd compounds for a long period, and from Liujiaxia (LJX), which is a relatively unpolluted area. Unexpectedly, although significant accumulation of the four heavy metals was found in the kidney and liver of B. raddei from BY, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde in these two organs were found to be irregular, with low repeatability in both BY and LJX. However, significant differences in the levels of FA were observed in B. raddei populations from these two areas over the past 3 years (P < 0.01). The degrees of FA in B. raddei populations from BY and LJX were assessed as degree 4 and 1, respectively. In short, this study suggested that FA was a more reliable and effective indicator than OS to monitor and predict long-term environmental stress on anuran amphibians.     

噻唑类缓蚀剂QADT的合成及缓蚀性能研究＊

以正丙醇、氯气和硫脲合成了2-氨基-5-甲基噻唑,将上述产物作为碱组分,与苯甲醛和苯乙酮反应得到曼尼希碱,最后采用溴代十二烷作为季铵化试剂,制得目标产物溴代2-氨基(1,4-二苯基-3-氧代丁基)-5-甲基噻唑铵(QADT)。静态失重法表明,QADT缓蚀效果显著。当温度为50℃,QADT的用量在200 mg/L时,缓蚀率达到95%以上。     

内江市磷肥厂磷矿石,磷肥样品中天然铀,镭—226含量分析

本文报道了内江市８个磷肥的磷肥及其原料矿石中天然铀，＾２２６Ｒａ含量水平，其结果为，磷肥样品中＾２２６Ｒａ含量２４５．８±１１２．９Ｂｑ．ｋｇ＾－１，天然铀含量２７．２±１６．４ｐｐｍ；磷矿石样品中＾２２６Ｒａ含量４０７．６±９４．３Ｂｑ．ｋｇ＾－１，天然铀含量３１．４±２１．０ｐｐｍ。     

河冰对桥墩作用的冰荷载计算方法(Ⅰ)——河冰的力学性能试验

通过对松花江河冰的物理力学性能试验和松花江公路大桥桥墩的流冰动压力测量、桥面的脉动测量 ,依据国内外对冰 -结构相互作用的分析 ,提出了适合我国黑龙江冰情特点的春季流冰冰荷载的计算方法。     

河西地区草地建设的现实思考

本文介绍了河西草地资源的空间分布与不同等级面积统计 ,客观地分析了草地“三化”的主导诱因在不同区域上的差异表现 ,突出了河西地区整体荒漠化的严峻现实。并进一步从生态恢复的规律要求、草地独特的生态环境效益、草地建设的相对低成本 ,及草产业的广阔市场前景等方面 ,阐述了河西进行草地建设的现实意义 ,提出了一些独到的见解     

Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by microwave irradiation enhanced advanced oxidation processes

In this work the synergistic effects of several microwave assisted advanced oxidation processes (MW/AOPs) were studied for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The efficiencies of the degradation of 4-CP in dilute aqueous solution for a variety of AOPs with or without MW irradiation were compared. The results showed that the synergistic effects between MW and H2O2, UV/H2O2, TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) resulted in a high degradation efficiency for 4-CP. The potential of MW/AOPs for treatment of industrial wastewater is discussed.