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1.
Krogh PH Lopez CV Cassani G Jensen J Holmstrup M Schraepen N Jørgensen E Gavor Z Temara A 《Chemosphere》2007,69(6):872-879
To obtain robust data on the toxicity of LAS, tests with the collembolan Folsomia candida L., the oligochaetes Aporrectodea caliginosa Savigny (earthworm) and Enchytraeus crypticus Westheide and Graefe (enchytraeid) were performed in a sandy loam soil. Additionally limited tests with LAS spiked to sewage sludge, and subsequently mixed into soil, were performed. For the endpoint of interest, reproduction in soil, we found an EC10 of 205 mg LAS kg(-1) soil [8.6-401] [95% confidence limits] for F. candida and an EC10 of 46 mg LAS kg(-1) soil [13-80] for A. caliginosa after 28 days. E. crypticus was not affected by concentrations up to 120 mg LAS kg(-1) soil. When adding (low contaminated) non-spiked sludge to soil, high stimulation of reproduction was observed for E. crypticus and A. caliginosa but not for F. candida. We argue that this difference in stimulative response between the tested species is related to the difference in feeding behaviour. Sludge spiked with LAS did not significantly affect the reproduction of F. candida (fertility: number of juvenile offspring) and A. caliginosa (fecundity: number of cocoons) (dose equivalent to 181 g and 91 g LAS kg(-1) sludge, respectively). Significantly reduced reproduction was observed for E. crypticus (at 120 mg LAS kg(-1) soil+sludge corresponding to 72 g LAS kg(-1) sludge) compared to non-spiked sludge. The reproduction by E. crypticus was, however, comparable to the reproduction observed in the control soil without sludge. Compared to LAS directly spiked to soil, the reproductive output of organisms exposed to spiked sludge was either not significantly different (F. candida, E. crypticus) or significantly improved (A. caliginosa). More studies are needed in order to make firm conclusions on the potential effect of artificially contaminated sludge in soil systems. 相似文献
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Growing public concerns about the traceability, safety and environmental-friendliness of food products provide an incentive for shorter supply chains in agricultural production. Here, we assessed the environmental impacts of the substitution of imported soybean meal with locally-produced rapeseed meal in French dairy production systems, using a life-cycle approach. Two feeding rations based on either French-produced rapeseed meal or Brazilian-produced soy meal as concentrates, were compared for nine impact categories, including global warming, ecotoxicity and eutrophication. Crop production was the main contributor to most impacts, while overseas transport of soy meal only had a marginal effect. The “Soybean” ration appeared more environmentally-efficient than the “Rapeseed” ration because it involved less intensive management practices, in particular regarding synthetic fertilizers consumption. However, land use changes brought about by soybean cultivation should also be examined. 相似文献
6.
Nathalie Stroeymeyt Elisabeth Brunner Jürgen Heinze 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(9):1449-1457
Animal societies, including those of humans, are under constant threat by selfish individuals, who attempt to enforce their
own interests at the cost of the group. In the societies of bees, wasps, and ants, such individual selfishness can be prevented
by “policing,” whereby workers or queens impede the reproduction of other individuals by aggression, immobilization, or egg
eating. In this study, we report on a particular kind of reproduction control in the ant Temnothorax unifasciatus, which can be considered as a selfish act itself. We experimentally induced workers to lay eggs by dividing several colonies
into two halves, one with and one without a queen. In queenless colonies, workers established rank orders by aggression and
several top-ranking workers started to reproduce. Upon reunification, egg-laying workers mostly stopped behaving aggressively.
They were neither attacked by the queen nor by random workers, but instead received infrequent, nondestructive, targeted aggression
from a few workers, most of which became fertile when the queen was later removed. The introduction of differentially stained
worker-laid and queen-laid eggs in queenright fragments did not lead to a selective removal of worker-laid eggs. Hence, there
appears to be no collective worker policing in T. unifasciatus. Instead, reproduction appears to be controlled mostly through a few attacks from high-ranking workers, which, in this way,
might attempt to selfishly increase their chances of future reproduction. 相似文献
7.
Risk assessment of landfill disposal sites--State of the art 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A risk assessment process can assist in drawing a cost-effective compromise between economic and environmental costs, thereby assuring that the philosophy of 'sustainable development' is adhered to. Nowadays risk analysis is in wide use to effectively manage environmental issues. Risk assessment is also applied to other subjects including health and safety, food, finance, ecology and epidemiology. The literature review of environmental risk assessments in general and risk assessment approaches particularly regarding landfill disposal sites undertaken by the authors, reveals that an integrated risk assessment methodology for landfill gas, leachate or degraded waste does not exist. A range of knowledge gaps is discovered in the literature reviewed to date. From the perspective of landfill leachate, this paper identifies the extent to which various risk analysis aspects are absent in the existing approaches. 相似文献
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Devault Damien Alain Amalric Laurence Bristeau Sébastien Cruz Justine Tapie Nathalie Karolak Sara Budzinski Hélène Lévi Yves 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10940-10966
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We studied the removal of 61 emerging micropollutants, including illicit drugs, in a biofilter wastewater treatment plant located in the French Indies... 相似文献
9.
Bernard Marion Boutry Sebastien Tapie Nathalie Budzinski Héléne Mazzella Nicolas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):40-50
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this lab-scale study, the POCIS capacity to integrate short contamination peaks of variable intensity and duration was evaluated. POCIS were... 相似文献
10.
Arnich N Lanhers MC Laurensot F Podor R Montiel A Burnel D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2003,124(1):139-149
Apatite appears a useful compound for removing lead from water, due to its ability to immobilize the metal by precipitation. In dilute solution, dissolved hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca1O(P04)6(OH)2] provided phosphates that were reactive with aqueous lead (molar ratio HA/Pb= 1/10) forming precipitates at around pH 6. These dissolved at a more acidic pH (3). Solid HA in contact with Pb2+ions, led to the formation of pyromorphite [Pblo(P04)6(OH)2], identified by X-ray diffraction and insoluble at pH tested (3-8). The amount of pyromorphite increased with the weight ratio of HA/Pb. When this one increased from 1 to 1000, lead precipitated as pyromorphite rose from 19 to 99%. In vivo experiments on rats confirmed the in vitro results. In fact, lead bioavailability assessed by intestinal perfusion was unchanged in the presence of dissolved HA, whereas it was significantly lower in the presence of solid HA, evaluated by gastric intubation, at a weight ratio equal to 10 (amount of lead absorbed decreased by 60%). Apatite could bean effective means of immobilizing lead in drinking or sewage, since accidental pyromorphite ingestion does not yield bioavailable lead. 相似文献