便携式水质检测仪性能综合评价方法研究

目前便携式水质检测仪品种繁多,各种技术指标和性能尚无统一评价标准,导致仪器性能良莠不齐,监测数据质量难以保证,无法满足管理部门对环境监测数据的要求,检测机构在采购过程中也难以选择。为解决这一问题,建立了便携式水质检测仪综合评价方法,确定了综合评价指标,制定了综合评价标准,选择相关仪器及相关项目进行综合评价。结果表明,大部分便携式水质检测仪器在便携性、操作简易性等方面做得比较好,而在准确度、精密度等方面还有待提高。该评价方法综合考虑了影响便携式水质检测仪的各项因素,能够为全方位评价、选择便携式水质检测仪提供参考。     

膜集成技术处理纺织洗衣废水回用的研究

纺织业轻洗工段中的洗衣废水中含有柔软剂等有机物以及少量盐分，排放后会对水体造成污染。本实验通过微氧水解好氧膜生物反应器和纳滤系统对洗衣废水进行处理，废水pH为7.46，浊度为224 NTU，COD为845 mg/L，电导率为912 μS/cm，经过该系统处理后，出水pH为6.4，浊度几乎为0 NTU，COD为10 mg/L,电导率为70 μS/cm，达到了洗衣工艺对水质的要求。     

Toxic effect and mechanism of four ionic liquids on seedling taproots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana was selected as model organisms to investigate the toxic effect and mechanism of four kinds of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) on plant seedling taproots. After exposure to ILs, the growth of seedling taproots was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of ILs on seedling taproots was [Bmim][BF₄] > [Bmpy][BF₄] > [Bmim][Br] > [Bmpy][Br]. The reduction of seedling root cell vitality, aggravation of seedling root cell death, and repression of gravitropic growth responses were observed. The amounts of H₂O₂ and ROS in seedlings were enhanced with increasing concentrations of ILs. Moreover, the expression levels of cdc2a and pcna1 genes were decreased after exposure to ILs. Our results suggest that ILs can induce the overproduction of ROS in A. thaliana seedling taproots and thus cause oxidative damage to seedling taproots. Meanwhile, ILs alter the expression patterns of two cell cycle-related genes and hence cause the seedling taproot growth inhibition. This work provides an integrated understanding of the toxic effect and mechanism of ILs on A. thaliana seedlings at the molecular and physiological level and also provides theoretical basis and reference for the environmental safety evaluation of ILs, prior to their widespread use and release.

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几类常见污染物对斑马鱼运动影响的研究进展

随着工农业的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高,排放到环境中的污染物种类及数量正在急剧上升,引发了日益严峻的环境问题。环境污染物对生物体内的各项生理活动也产生着深远的影响。为探究污染物对斑马鱼运动系统的影响,本文就斑马鱼运动发生的调控机理以及不同种类的环境污染物对斑马鱼运动行为系统干扰的研究进展进行了综合阐述,归纳了各类污染物对斑马鱼运动神经的损伤效应,在分子水平上探讨了其可能的作用机制,并且展望了环境污染物对斑马鱼运动神经毒性的未来研究方向。     

离子液体[Bmim]Cl对HepG2细胞糖代谢的影响

离子液体是一类广泛用于生产、科研的有机溶剂,其生物毒性已被验证,然而在非致死浓度下离子液体对于生物体的潜在影响还有待研究.为探究离子液体对糖代谢的影响,选取人体肝癌细胞HepG2为受试对象进行体外实验,研究一种常用的咪唑类离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Bmim]Cl)对HepG2细胞糖代谢的影响.结果表明,[Bmim]Cl暴露会导致HepG2细胞对胞外葡萄糖的吸收显著降低,减少胞内的糖原含量,同时也会抑制细胞活性诱导细胞凋亡,细胞存活率最高下降57％.RT-qPCR结果表明,[Bmim]Cl暴露后,HepG2细胞中糖原分解的重要基因糖原磷酸化酶(PYGL)的表达上调,而调控糖原合成的重要基因糖原合酶2(GYS2)的基因表达在中、低浓度暴露后受到了抑制.此外,葡萄糖转运、糖酵解、糖异生和TCA循环的相关基因在不同的暴露浓度下也出现了不同程度的变化.综上所述,[Bmim]Cl暴露会影响HepG2细胞对胞外葡萄糖的吸收,影响胞内糖原的合成和分解,促进糖酵解,抑制糖异生.高浓度的[Bmim]Cl暴露会引起HepG2细胞的糖代谢紊乱.