排序方式: 共有19条查询结果,搜索用时 311 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
Rubber production has been taking place in Thailand for many decades. Thailand is currently the world's largest natural rubber producer. We present emissions of greenhouse gases associated with the production of fresh latex, and three primary rubber products, including concentrated latex, block rubber (STR 20), and ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) in Thailand. Besides industrial activities in the rubber mills, the agricultural activities in rubber tree plantation are taken into account. The overall emissions from the production of concentrated latex, STR 20, and RSS amount to 0.54, 0.70, and 0.64 ton CO2-eq/ton product, respectively. This is for the case that rubber plantations have been located on cultivated lands for more than 60 years, which is current practice in most of Thailand. Emissions are largely associated with energy use and the use of synthetic fertilizers. We also quantify emissions for the case that tropical forests have been converted to rubber plantations relatively recently, which is a recent trend in Thailand. In this case the emissions are much higher because of carbon loss from land conversion: 13, 13, and 21 ton CO2-eq/ton product for concentrated latex, STR 20, and RSS, respectively. We discuss the implications of our results for strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rubber production. 相似文献
4.
Karel De Greef Frans Stafleu Carolien De Lauwere 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2006,19(1):57-66
Public debate on acceptable farm animal husbandry suffers from a confusion of tongues. To clarify positions of various stakeholder
groups in their joint search for acceptable solutions, the concept of animal welfare was split up into three notions: no suffering,
respect for intrinsic value, and non-appalling appearance of animals. This strategy was based on the hypothesis that multi-stakeholder
solutions should be based on shared values rather than on compromises. The usefulness of such an artificial value distinction
strategy was tested in a small series of experiments. The results demonstrate that the chosen concept to distinguish between
values is effective in a stakeholder context. Farmers’ views on doing good to animals appeared to be largely based on their
value to prevent suffering and predominantly focused on the provision of regular care. Their priority for this value is clearly
shared with other stakeholders, providing a basis for joint solutions. The concept of intrinsic value does not play a discernable
role in farmers’ considerations. Based on the varying views on welfare, it can be inferred that there is a gradual rather
than a principal difference between government legislation and farmers’ values, whereas public perception and acceptance of
farm practices remains complicated. Distinction between value groups and focusing on a selected notion (such as no suffering)
proved to be effective in bringing representatives of stakeholder groups together, but is unlikely to bridge the emotional
gap between commercial farm practices and public ideals. 相似文献
5.
Pedde Simona Kroeze Carolien Mayorga Emilio Seitzinger Sybil Putnam 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(8):2495-2506
Regional Environmental Change - We model future trends in river export of nutrients to the Bay of Bengal, and the sources of this pollution. We focus on total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP),... 相似文献
6.
Serge I. P. Stalpers André R. van Amstel Rob B. Dellink Ivo Mulder Saskia E. Werners Carolien Kroeze 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(4):359-378
This article discusses an approach for identification and evaluation of short-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction
options in firms. The approach is based on lessons learnt from a project using Participatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) and
builds on the idea that effective public climate policy for firms requires options that have support from stakeholders and
are practically feasible. Scenarios are used to provide a link with short-term policy developments and a model assists to
communicate quantitative effects of options to participating stakeholders. Our approach can be seen as a first step towards
a framework that meets the need for more systematic approaches to PIAs identifying effective public policies for short-term
GHG emission reduction options in firms. In order to identify effective options for non-carbon dioxide GHG emission reductions,
our approach has been applied to Dutch dairy farms, after which it has been refined. The case study suggests that our approach
can provide balance between practical, context specific issues and scientific-theoretical aspects, thereby avoiding common
pitfalls of participatory research projects to focus too much on either theory or practical issues.
相似文献
Serge I. P. StalpersEmail: |
7.
Djoko Suwarno Ansje Löhr Carolien Kroeze Budi Widianarko 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(5):1077-1096
We present estimates for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) sewage inputs to 19 Indonesian rivers for 1970–2050. Future trends are based on the four scenarios of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Our results indicate a rapid increase in N and P pollution from sewage over time. In 1970, N and P inputs to rivers were low because not many households were connected to sewage systems discharging to rivers. Sewage connection is increasing over time. As a result, N and P inputs to rivers increase. We calculate that between 2000 and 2050 the N and P inputs increase with a factor of 17–40, depending on the scenario. Important determinants of future N and P sewage inputs are population, economic growth, urbanization, sewage systems development and wastewater treatment. Our calculations are based on an improved model for N and P inputs to rivers, indicating that previous estimates underestimated these inputs considerably. 相似文献
8.
Pham Thi Anh Tran Thi My Dieu Arthur P.J. Mol Carolien Kroeze Simon R. Bush 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(17-18):2107-2118
The concept of industrial ecology has been applied in this research to study possibilities to develop an eco-industrial cluster model for fishery production industry in Vietnam. By learning from experiments of other developed countries, we apply the principles of Industrial Ecology and of Ecological Modernization in the context of Vietnam. We design a physical-technological conceptual model for minimizing waste in agro-industries, with a case study of frozen shrimp production. The results indicate that it is possible and feasible to develop an eco-industrial cluster including aquaculture, fishery processing companies, by-product plants, and wastewater treatment units. By doing so, aquaculture and industry can cooperate for environmentally sound development. Actors and institutions that may govern the proposed eco-industrial cluster of shrimp processing industry are also analysed in this paper. The economic feasibility of the designed eco-agro industrial cluster for fish production in Vietnam depends on the energy savings and effective revenues gained from selling the produced valuable materials, such as Chitosan and animal feed. 相似文献
9.
M. B. M. Bracke Carolien C. De Lauwere Samantha M. M. Wind Johan J. Zonerland 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2013,26(4):847-868
The Dutch policy objective of a fully sustainable livestock sector without mutilations by 2023 is not compatible with the routine practice of tail docking to minimize the risk of tail biting. To examine farmer attitudes towards docking, a telephone survey was conducted among 487 conventional and 33 organic Dutch pig farmers. “Biting” (of tails, ears, or limbs) was identified by the farmers as a main welfare problem in pig farming. About half of the farmers reported to have no tail biting problems in their own herd. When farmers did report problems, they most often reported figures between 1 and 5 % of the animals. High incidences of tail biting were anticipated when trying to keep undocked pigs. Enrichment materials used in the conventional sector included mainly chains (52–63 % of the farms) and hanging rubber or plastic balls (22–30 %). Straw, sawdust, or wood shavings was hardly provided in conventional pig farming (2–3 %), in contrast to organic farming (88–100 % of farms). Conventional pig farmers feel a curly tail is not very important for sustainable pig farming. They consider enrichment to be less effective and tail docking to be less stressful for them and their piglets than their organic colleagues do. Pig farmers identified climate as a main risk factor for tail biting as opposed to enrichment. The objective of reducing routine tail docking requires solutions for dealing with tail biting problems at the farm level. In this process, transfer of scientific knowledge about enrichment materials and other measures to prevent and cure tail biting is critical, as is a change in farmer attitudes and awareness of the moral issues involved. 相似文献
10.
The purpose of this study is to give a general overview of strategies to reduce N2O emissions and to investigate their potential effects in the Netherlands. For all major sources of N2O, technologies to reduce emissions are available or could become available in the near future. Their potential to reduce emissions has been estimated for conventional power plants (>10%), fluidized bed combustion (>80%), industrial production of adipic acid (>98%) and nitric acid (>80%), municipal solid waste incineration (>10%) and sewage treatment plants (50%). In addition, it is estimated that fertilizer-induced emissions in intensive agriculture can be reduced by at least 65%. In the Netherlands, these strategies could reduce emissions of N2O by at least 40% in 1990 (i.e. if the technologies were fully implemented and nothing else would change) and by at least 30% in 2010 (relative to business as usual). Taking trends in activities into account, the mix of options considered could, in the period 2000–2010, reduce the annual Dutch emission to about 75% of the 1990 level. Most of this potential reduction is achieved by a catalytic reduction step in nitric acid production. Development of a catalytic converter seems feasible within a few years. The reduction options considered do not include additional reductions in the volumes of activities. Thus emissions could be further reduced by reductions in fossil fuel use, vehicle use, nitrogen fertilizer use, manure production, and waste production. Conceivable technologies that may not be implementable before 2000 include a number of promising options, such as low NO x engines in vehicles, electric vehicles, NO x reduction with low N2O formation in stationary combustion and the development of modified combustors. 相似文献