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排序方式: 共有52条查询结果,搜索用时 531 毫秒
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Azuma Takashi Arima Natsumi Tsukada Ai Hirami Satoru Matsuoka Rie Moriwake Ryogo Ishiuchi Hirotaka Inoyama Tomomi Teranishi Yusuke Yamaoka Misato Ishida Mao Hisamatsu Kanae Yunoki Ayami Mino Yoshiki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):19021-19030
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The distributions of 31 pharmaceuticals grouped into nine therapeutic classes, including six anticancer drugs, were investigated in the waters and... 相似文献
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Accumulation, transformation and toxicity of arsenic compounds to Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes were investigated. For sodium arsenite [As(II)] and disodium arsenate [As(V)], the mean value for 7-day lethal concentration LC50 for O. latipes were 14.6 and 30.3 mg As/l, respectively. Direct accumulation of arsenic in O. latipes increased as a function of As(III) concentration in water. A small proportion of accumulated arsenic was transformed to methylated arsenic. As much as 70% of the total arsenic accumulated in tissue was depurated. Accumulation and transformation of As(III) by O. latipes in a simple freshwater food chain were also investigated. The transformation of As(III) to As(V) by organisms was more prevalent than biomethylation of accumulated arsenic in organisms of the three steps of the food chain. 相似文献
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Yuji Hara Ai Hiramatsu Ryo Honda Makiko Sekiyama Hirotaka Matsuda 《Sustainability Science》2010,5(2):237-248
Throughout Asia, rapid and uncontrolled urbanization has created serious environmental problems, and the development of sustainable urban–rural planning methods is of critical importance. To improve our understanding of mixed urban–rural land uses and provide future practical visions for regional planning, we conducted a case study of the urban fringe of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. After identifying local irrigation districts as the basic spatial unit for resource circulation, we quantified current material flows of organic wastes generated by households within each district. We then developed two different land-use scenarios for 2020: (1) a high-rise compact and (2) a low-story sprawl development scenario. These scenarios were compared in terms of efficiency of material flows and energy consumption. We found that, based on current infrastructure and technology, the latter scenario was more advantageous in terms of both material input and energy consumption than the former, thereby, identifying positive aspects of urban–rural land-use mixture. Based on these results, we propose that planners should focus on density control measures that take into account bioresource circulation within irrigation districts rather than simply drawing arbitrary land-use zoning lines. To this end, we suggest that the division between agricultural and urban planning departments must be bridged, and that research should take an interdisciplinary approach. 相似文献
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Gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs in Nagoya urban air, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) in the atmosphere were sampled by a high-volume filter/sorbent air sampler at an urban (Nagoya, Japan) site from May 2000 to January 2001 under the average ambient temperatures ranging from 1 degrees C to 33 degrees C. The gas and particle phase concentrations of PCDD/Fs were measured and then the field gas-particle partitioning data were used to assess the Junge-Pankow adsorption model and the K(OA) absorption model. For both PCDDs and PCDFs, passable agreement was obtained between the measured and predicted particulate-band fraction (phi) values by the Junge-Pankow model, but the model tends to overpredict phi for all individual Cl4-8DD/F congeners, especially for the lower chlorinated congeners. On the other hand, good agreement was obtained between the measured and predicted log K(p) values by the K(OA) model for both PCDDs and PCDFs. However, the K(OA) absorption model did not fit the field data at low ambient temperature below 5 degrees C. The disagreement at low ambient temperatures was estimated to arise from the gas adsorption artifacts during the sampling. From the validation by the field measurement data in Nagoya urban air, it is found that the K(OA) absorption model is capable of predicting more accurately gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs than the Junge-Pankow adsorption model. 相似文献
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Takayuki Kameda Satoshi Sanukida Koji Inazu Yoshiharu Hisamatsu Yasuaki Maeda Norimichi Takenaka Hiroshi Bandow 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):6937-6945
The association of the direct-acting mutagenicity of soluble organic fraction of airborne particles toward Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 strain with the direct emission was investigated at a roadside and at a residential area in Osaka, Japan. The direct-acting mutagenicity was evaluated as mutagenic activity per unit volume of ambient air (rev m−3) and/or that per airborne particulate weight collected on a filter (rev mg−1). The annual or diurnal changes of the mutagenicity of airborne particles at the residential site showed similar patterns to those of some gaseous pollutants such as NO2 and SO2, which were emitted from combustion processes. This result indicates that the mutagenicity is mainly attributable to the primary emissions. From the analysis of the relationship between the wind sector and the mutagenic intensity, rev m−3 and rev mg−1 values were strongly affected by the emissions from the fixed sources and from the mobile sources, respectively. The rev m−3 value and concentration of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in unit per m3 at the roadside were a factor of 2.6 and 2.8 higher than those at the residential site, respectively, but the rev mg−1 value and concentration of 1-NP in unit per mg at the roadside were substantially comparable to those at the residential area. These observations suggest that the characteristics of the airborne particles can be attributed to the automotive emissions even at the suburban area. 相似文献
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Yuji Hara Kazuaki Tsuchiya Hirotaka Matsuda Yugo Yamamoto Yuki Sampei 《Sustainability Science》2013,8(4):515-527
This study aimed to assess Japan’s recent “local production for local consumption” (LPLC) movement, with a special focus on vegetables in the Osaka city region of central Japan. After collecting statistics and spatial data, we conducted a multi-scale analysis of vegetable production and consumption along with the associated energy consumption, using geographical information system software at three spatial scales along the vegetable flow paths: national, regional, and local. Vegetables consumed in the Osaka city region came from prefectures throughout Japan, and we mapped the foodshed within this region at 1-km spatial resolution, as well as the distribution of farmland, farmers’ and other markets. We also conducted a scenario analysis for reduced energy consumption through organic farming and the utilization of abandoned farmland near a city to replace food imports from distant areas. We found that the large majority of vegetables consumed in the Osaka city region currently come from remote prefectures, and that this is associated with a high level of energy consumption. Inside the Osaka city region, peri-urban vegetable farming contributes to regional vegetable provision, resulting in an approximately 70 % production/consumption ratio within an 80-km radius of the urban center; if all of the area of abandoned farmland were restored to production, this ratio would increase to approximately 75 %. Organic farming activities that bring together farmers and urbanites are emerging in many parts of the study area, contributing to increased LPLC. Scenario analysis suggested that a decrease of more than 1 × 106 GJ of energy inputs could be achieved through wider adoption of local organic farming for local consumption and complete utilization of abandoned farmland in the Osaka city region. 相似文献