全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6439篇 |
免费 | 152篇 |
国内免费 | 91篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 294篇 |
废物处理 | 300篇 |
环保管理 | 1653篇 |
综合类 | 564篇 |
基础理论 | 1578篇 |
环境理论 | 10篇 |
污染及防治 | 1542篇 |
评价与监测 | 445篇 |
社会与环境 | 223篇 |
灾害及防治 | 73篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 49篇 |
2021年 | 95篇 |
2020年 | 53篇 |
2019年 | 98篇 |
2018年 | 121篇 |
2017年 | 146篇 |
2016年 | 184篇 |
2015年 | 156篇 |
2014年 | 166篇 |
2013年 | 693篇 |
2012年 | 256篇 |
2011年 | 369篇 |
2010年 | 270篇 |
2009年 | 280篇 |
2008年 | 357篇 |
2007年 | 352篇 |
2006年 | 326篇 |
2005年 | 216篇 |
2004年 | 229篇 |
2003年 | 240篇 |
2002年 | 210篇 |
2001年 | 105篇 |
2000年 | 146篇 |
1999年 | 114篇 |
1998年 | 95篇 |
1997年 | 75篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 89篇 |
1994年 | 83篇 |
1993年 | 74篇 |
1992年 | 87篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 60篇 |
1989年 | 54篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 47篇 |
1986年 | 53篇 |
1985年 | 49篇 |
1984年 | 53篇 |
1983年 | 59篇 |
1982年 | 50篇 |
1981年 | 68篇 |
1980年 | 48篇 |
1979年 | 27篇 |
1978年 | 30篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
1971年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有6682条查询结果,搜索用时 329 毫秒
1.
Rudra P. Pradhan Mahendhiran S. Nair Mak B. Arvin John H. Hall 《Natural resources forum》2023,47(3):435-483
This article postulates strong endogenous relationships in lower income countries between institutional quality, financial development and sustained economic growth. These associations were investigated using the vector-error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality method for a sample of 79 countries from 2005 to 2022. The findings show that (1) these variables reinforce each other in the short run. (2) In the long run, both institutional quality and financial development can fuel economic growth. (3) The positive effect of institutional quality on economic growth is greater than that of financial development. Policy implications of these findings are that careful attention should be paid to co-development policies to enhance the institutional quality and the financial system in these economies. Policies should also consider economic growth strategies to enable sustainable economic growth rates. 相似文献
2.
Mughal Nafessa Kashif Maryam Arif Asma Guerrero John William Grimaldo Nabua Wilson C. Niedbała Gniewko 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65116-65126
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to re-examine the impacts of monetary and fiscal policy on environmental quality in ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2019. We utilized the... 相似文献
3.
Robert A. Montgomery Madeline Carr Charlie R. Booher Abigail M. Pointer Brendan M. Mitchell Natalie Smith Keegan Calnan Georgina M. Montgomery Mordecai Ogada Daniel B. Kramer 《Conservation biology》2020,34(4):915-924
In November 1928, Theodore Jr. and Kermit Roosevelt led an expedition to China with the expressed purpose of being the first Westerners to kill the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The expedition lasted 8 months and resulted in the brothers shooting a giant panda in the mountains of Sichuan Province. Given the concurrent attention in the popular press describing this celebrated expedition, the giant panda was poised to be trophy hunted much like other large mammals around the world. Today, however, the killing of giant pandas, even for the generation of conservation revenue, is unthinkable for reasons related to the species itself and the context, in time and space, in which the species was popularized in the West. We found that the giant panda's status as a conservation symbol, exceptional charisma and gentle disposition, rarity, value as a nonconsumptive ecotourism attraction, and endemism are integral to the explanation of why the species is not trophy hunted. We compared these intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics with 20 of the most common trophy-hunted mammals to determine whether the principles applying to giant pandas are generalizable to other species. Although certain characteristics of the 20 trophy-hunted mammals aligned with the giant panda, many did not. Charisma, economic value, and endemism, in particular, were comparatively unique to the giant panda. Our analysis suggests that, at present, exceptional characteristics may be necessary for certain mammals to be excepted from trophy hunting. However, because discourse relating to the role of trophy hunting in supporting conservation outcomes is dynamic in both science and society, we suspect these valuations will also change in future. 相似文献
4.
5.
Ecologically relevant traits of organisms in an assemblage determine an ecosystem's functional fingerprint (i.e., the shape, size, and position of multidimensional trait space). Quantifying changes in functional fingerprints can therefore provide information about the effects of diversity loss or gain through time on ecosystem condition and is a promising approach to monitoring ecological integrity. This, however, is seldom possible owing to limitations in historical surveys and a lack of data on organismal traits, particularly in diverse tropical regions. Using data from detailed bird surveys from 4 periods across more than a century, and morphological and ecological traits of 233 species, we quantified changes in the avian functional fingerprint of a tropical montane forest in the Andes of Colombia. We found that 78% of the variation in functional space, regardless of period, was described by 3 major axes summarizing body size, dispersal ability (indexed by wing shape), and habitat breadth. Changes in species composition significantly altered the functional fingerprint of the assemblage and functional richness and dispersion decreased 35–60%. Owing to species extirpations and to novel additions to the assemblage, functional space decreased over time, but at least 11% of its volume in the 2010s extended to areas of functional space that were unoccupied in the 1910s. The assemblage now includes fewer large-sized species, more species with greater dispersal ability, and fewer habitat specialists. Extirpated species had high functional uniqueness and distinctiveness, resulting in large reductions in functional richness and dispersion after their loss, which implies important consequences for ecosystem integrity. Conservation efforts aimed at maintaining ecosystem function must move beyond seeking to sustain species numbers to designing complementary strategies for the maintenance of ecological function by identifying and conserving species with traits conferring high vulnerability such as large body size, poor dispersal ability, and greater habitat specialization. Article impact statement: Changes in functional fingerprints provide a means to quantify the integrity of ecological assemblages affected by diversity loss or gain. 相似文献
6.
Baek Kitae Alessi Daniel S. Man Yu Bon Kwon Eilhann E. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(9):3261-3262
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - 相似文献
7.
Tibor Hartel Ben C. Scheele Abi Tamim Vanak Laurențiu Rozylowicz John D. C. Linnell Euan G. Ritchie 《Conservation biology》2019,33(6):1256-1265
Achieving coexistence between large carnivores and humans in human-dominated landscapes (HDLs) is a key challenge for societies globally. This challenge cannot be adequately met with the current sectoral approaches to HDL governance and an academic community largely dominated by disciplinary sectors. Academia (universities and other research institutions and organizations) should take a more active role in embracing societal challenges around conservation of large carnivores in HDLs by facilitating cross-sectoral cooperation to mainstream coexistence of humans and large carnivores. Drawing on lessons from populated regions of Europe, Asia, and South America with substantial densities of large carnivores, we suggest academia should better embrace the principles and methods of sustainability sciences and create institutional spaces for the implementation of transdisciplinary curricula and projects; reflect on research approaches (i.e., disciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) they apply and how their outcomes could aid leveraging institutional transformations for mainstreaming; and engage with various institutions and stakeholder groups to create novel institutional structures that can respond to multiple challenges of HDL management and human–large carnivore coexistence. Success in mainstreaming this coexistence in HDL will rest on the ability to think and act cooperatively. Such a conservation achievement, if realized, stands to have far-reaching benefits for people and biodiversity. 相似文献
8.
Under what conditions do critical events trigger large-scale public discussion and mobilisation, and can these lead to policy change? In a comparative study of nuclear energy policy after the Japanese Fukushima disaster in March 2011, a theory-development approach is adopted, mobilising data collected from national news agencies’ newswires, public surveys, legislation and parliamentary databases, and newspaper editorials in 12 established democracies between March 2011 and March 2013. The analysis suggests two main hypotheses that can guide future research: critical events are more likely to trigger policy change when intense (contentious) mobilisation from policy challengers aligns with the views of the general public, and is backed by major political allies; and critical events are more likely to trigger intense (contentious) mobilisation when policy challengers articulate their opposition around pre-existing policy debates on the issue and resort to pre-existing organisational and mobilisation resources. 相似文献
9.
Kumar A Baroth A Soni I Bhatnagar P John PJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,116(1-3):1-7
Anupgarh is the most fertile area of Rajasthan state where a variety of seasonal crops are grown. The availability of three
manmade canals has enhanced the agricultural activities in this area. The farmers use huge amounts of pesticides to increase
the crop productivity. Exposure of humans to these hazardous chemicals occurs directly in the fields and indirectly due to
consumption of contaminated diet, or by inhalation or by dermal contact. The organochlorine pesticides are reported to be
lipophilic and their presence in human milk and blood has been documented in different parts of the world. Blood and milk
samples were collected from lactating women who were divided into four groups on the basis of different living standards viz
residence area, dietary habits, working conditions and addiction to tobacco. The level of total organochlorine pesticides
in blood ranged from 3.319mg/L—6.253mg/L while in milk samples it ranged from 3.209Mdash;4.608 mg/L. The results are in concurrence
with the reports from other countries. 相似文献
10.
Chad L. Hewitt Marnie L. Campbell Ronald E. Thresher Richard B. Martin Sue Boyd Brian F. Cohen David R. Currie Martin F. Gomon Michael J. Keough John A. Lewis Matthew M. Lockett Nicole Mays Matthew A. McArthur Tim D. O'Hara Gary C. B. Poore D. Jeff Ross Melissa J. Storey Jeanette E. Watson Robin S. Wilson 《Marine Biology》2004,144(1):183-202
Port Phillip Bay (PPB) is a large (1,930 km2), temperate embayment in southern Victoria, Australia. Extensive bay-wide surveys of PPB have occurred since 1840. In 1995/1996 the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) undertook an intensive evaluation of the region with the aims of developing a comprehensive species list of native and introduced biota and contrasting previous bay-wide assessments with a current field survey in order to detect new incursions and discern alterations to native communities. Two methods were used to meet these aims: a re-evaluation of regional museum collections and published research in PPB to identify and determine the timing of introductions; and field surveys for benthic (infauna, epifauna and encrusting) organisms between September 1995 to March 1996. One hundred and sixty introduced (99) and cryptogenic (61) species were identified representing over 13% of the recorded species of PPB. As expected, the majority of these are concentrated around the shipping ports of Geelong and Melbourne. Invasions within PPB appear to be increasing, possibly due to an increase in modern shipping traffic and an increase in aquaculture (historically associated with incidental introductions); however the records of extensive biological surveys suggest that this may, in part, be an artefact of sampling effort. In contrast to Northern Hemisphere studies, PPB (and Southern Hemisphere introductions in general) have significantly different suites of successfully invading taxa. PPB is presented as one of the most invaded marine ecosystems in the Southern Hemisphere.Communicated by M.S. Johnson, Crawley 相似文献