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Ester Heath Marjeta Česen Noelia Negreira Miren Lopez de Alda Laura Ferrando-Climent Lucie Blahova Tung Viet Nguyen Mohamed Adahchour Achim Ruebel Neville Llewellyn Janez Ščančar Srdjan Novaković Vesna Mislej Marjeta Stražar Damià Barceló Tina Kosjek 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14692-14704
The results of an inter-laboratory comparison exercise to determine cytostatic anticancer drug residues in surface water, hospital wastewater and wastewater treatment plant effluent are reported. To obtain a critical number of participants, an invitation was sent out to potential laboratories identified to have the necessary knowledge and instrumentation. Nine laboratories worldwide confirmed their participation in the exercise. The compounds selected (based on the extent of use and laboratories capabilities) included cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, etoposide, methotrexate and cisplatinum. Samples of spiked waste (hospital and wastewater treatment plant effluent) and surface water, and additional non-spiked hospital wastewater, were prepared by the organising laboratory (Jo?ef Stefan Institute) and sent out to each participant partner for analysis. All analytical methods included solid phase extraction (SPE) and the use of surrogate/internal standards for quantification. Chemical analysis was performed using either liquid or gas chromatography mass (MS) or tandem mass (MS/MS) spectrometry. Cisplatinum was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A required minimum contribution of five laboratories meant that only cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate and etoposide could be included in the statistical evaluation. z-score and Q test revealed 3 and 4 outliers using classical and robust approach, respectively. The smallest absolute differences between the spiked values and the measured values were observed in the surface water matrix. The highest within-laboratory repeatability was observed for methotrexate in all three matrices (CV?≤?12 %). Overall, inter-laboratory reproducibility was poor for all compounds and matrices (CV 27–143 %) with the only exception being methotrexate measured in the spiked hospital wastewater (CV?=?8 %). Random and total errors were identified by means of Youden plots. 相似文献
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Furtula V Derksen G Colodey A 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2006,41(8):1259-1271
A new approach to surface water analysis has been investigated in order to enhance the detection of different organic contaminants in Nathan Creek, British Columbia. Water samples from Nathan Creek were prepared by liquid/liquid extraction using dichloromethane (DCM) as an extraction solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry method in scan mode (GC-MS scan). To increase sensitivity for pesticides detection, acquired scan data were further analyzed by Automated Mass Spectrometry Deconvolution and Identification Software (AMDIS) incorporated into the Agilent Deconvolution Reporting Software (DRS), which also includes mass spectral libraries for 567 pesticides. Extracts were reanalyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry single ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) to confirm and quantitate detected pesticides. Pesticides: atrazine, dimethoate, diazinone, metalaxyl, myclobutanil, napropamide, oxadiazon, propazine and simazine were detected at three sampling sites on the mainstream of the Nathan Creek. Results of the study are further discussed in terms of detectivity and identification level for each pesticide found. The proposed approach of monitoring pesticides in surface waters enables their detection and identification at trace levels. 相似文献
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Ivana Trbojević Jelena Jovanović Dušan Kostić Slađana Popović Dragana Predojević Vesna Karadžić Gordana Subakov Simić 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2018,49(2):135-142
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of substrate type and incubation depth on periphyton that had developed on artificial substrates. Uniform rectangular tiles made out of artificial substrates: glass, ceramic, willow tree and yew tree, were fixed on a floating buoy and deployed at three different depths in a photic zone of the Sava Lake (Belgrade, Serbia). Non-taxonomic attributes in the developed biofilm were estimated week-by-week from the start of the experiment in July, until its end in September 2014. Through assessment of substrate type and depth of incubation effect we concluded that these parameters for the fact influence periphyton development and composition. Glass was preferred by autotrophic component over ceramic and wooden substrates. In general, substrate type effect was diminished by increasing incubation depth. When non-taxonomic parameters are to be used in biomonitoring studies, our results suggest that glass substrate and shallow layer of water column (up to 50 cm) for incubation should be preferred. 相似文献
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Du?ica Ili? Ivan S. Risti? Ljubi?a Nikoli? Mihajlo Stankovi? Goran Nikoli? Ljiljana Stanojevi? Vesna Nikoli? 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(1):80-87
In this work was described poly(d,l-lactide) microwave synthesis using tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate initiated ring-opening polymerization. Polymerization was performed
at 100 °C with monomer to initiator molar ratio ([M]/[I]) of 5,000 in 30 min. The achieved number average molar mass of obtained
polymers (determined by gel permeation chromatography) was 102,320 g/mol, with the polydispersion index, Q, 2.80. Structural characterization was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy followed characteristic bands. For applicative purposes
the obtained polymer was purified during the procedure of microsphere preparation. Biodegradable microspheres prepared from
poly(d,l-lactide) have been widely studied in recent years and have become well established controlled drug delivery systems. In this
work microspheres were loaded with allyl thiosulfinate (allicin) and its transforments products (ajoene and vinyldithiine),
as pharmacological active substances. The morphology of the microspheres was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope.
Allicin was synthesized by acid oxidation of allyl disufide and purification of obtained products by liquid–liquid extraction
with diethyl ether. Obtained allicin, purity 73%, was transformed using microwave in acetone solution, at solvent boiling
temperature, for 5 min. For the quality and quantity analysis of allicin and its transformation process was used LC/MS chromatography.
(E)- and (Z)-ajoene were detected at retention time 3.1 and 3.3 min, respectively, whence 3-vynil-4H-1,2-dithiine and 2-vynil-4H-1,3-dithiine
were detected at 4.3 and 4.8 min, respectively. Retention time of allicin was 2.93 min, according to liquid chromatography
results. HPLC method was used for assessment of pharmaceutical substances (alicine and alicine transforments) releasing from
microspheres at room temperature in solutions with different pH (pH = 3 and pH = 8) for 24 h. 相似文献
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T. Gallé 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2010,22(6):656-660
The Water Framework Directive’s (WFD) choice of good ecological status as a metric of the immission situation in water bodies implicitly considers the exposure of biota to pollutants. However, the exposure concept lacks consequent links to food webs and substance cycles where sediments and suspended matter play an important role. This is traceable in monitoring as well as in evaluation schemes. This article identifies the major challenges towards a process-oriented approach. 相似文献
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Condensed organic matter with higher affinity for hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) is currently held responsible for slow desorption and concomitant lower bioavailabilities of HOC in sediments and soils. In an experiment with Daphnia magna and IHSS Peat Humic Acid (PHA), we showed that the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) was directly related to the charge of the humic colloid, as predicted by the metal-humic binding model WHAM. Consistent with the type of binding to the humic acid (counter-ion accumulation vs. specific binding), increasing the concentration of Na+ and Ca2+ ions generated opposite effects on colloid charge and HOC binding by the humic acid. Condensation as a colloidal phenomenon in solution as well as on surfaces needs to be addressed as a contributor to lower bioavailabilities and, possibly, to slower desorption kinetics. 相似文献
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A technique is described for concentrating and collecting particulate organic matter from water with minimal disturbance. This involves exposing in situ the surface of a Millipore® filter monitor mounted on a simple vacuum flask assembly. 相似文献
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Ljubica Župunski Vesna Spasić-Jokić Mirjana Trobok Vojin Gordanić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1574-1580
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess fatal cancer risk after external and internal (inhalation and ingestion) exposure from natural radionuclides in soil like 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 226Ra on the territory of Bela Crkva, Serbia. Although receiving doses are low from sources like natural radionuclides in soil, because of stochastic effects of ionizing radiation, risk for developing cancer exists and can be quantified. 相似文献10.
Vesna Mici? 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(10):2759-2768
Six hydrophobic alkylphenolic compounds were investigated for the first time simultaneously in four different matrices in the Danube River. Maximum sediment concentrations were 2.83, 2.10, 0.28, and 0.035 mg kg−1 for nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, nonylphenol diethoxylate and octylphenol. Maximum levels in suspended particulate matter (SPM) were 0.18, 0.12, 0.10, and 0.003 mg kg−1. No correlation between concentrations in SPM and sediments was found. Octylphenol monoethoxylate and octylphenol diethoxylate were recorded only in sediment at one location. In mussels and water only nonylphenol and octylphenol were found. Nonylphenol concentrations in mussels (up to 0.34 mg kg−1) correlate with concentrations found in SPM and indicate a slight bioaccumulation. Concentrations in water were close to the limit of quantification. We assume in situ formation of nonylphenol monoethoxylate and nonylphenol in sediments at some locations. In some cases nonylphenol in sediments exceeded the provisional EU environmental quality standards. 相似文献