经互会成员国环境本底污染的监测

由于人类的生产活动对环境产生的不良影响,使环境保护问题成为国际合作的重要项目之一。其中具有重要意义的是联合国环境规划署倡仪和支持的多种目的规划项目——“观察地球”的计划,为实现这一计划,组织了全球环境监测系统(GEMS)。环境监测的任务如下: ——观察和评价生物圈的状况; ——从生态角度阐述人为因素对环境的危害形式; ——确定环境容许的生态负荷; ——预测生物环境状况。监测的首要任务之一是观测环境中主要污染物的本底状况,其中包括铅、汞、镉、砷、二氧化硫、硫     

池火灾热辐射的数值研究

通过列举储罐火灾事故,提出对池火灾进行研究的重要性。介绍目前池火灾国内外的研究现状及发展情况,描述池火灾燃烧特征和模型。应用化学流体力学基本定律,建立了描述池火灾过程的基本控制方程组,并根据适当的条件选择辐射模型。建立物理模型,做出合理假设,确定初始和边界条件,对池火灾热辐射过程进行数值模拟,得出火焰周围入射热流密度分布图,计算出相邻两罐之间的最小安全距离,应用于工程实际中,给防火间距的制定提供理论依据,计算结果定性合理。     

本科安全工程专业选修课教学模式探索

安全工程专业的专业特点决定了其开设的选修课具有交叉性、综合性、实践性强等特点。充分发挥选修课的课程特点,对选修课教学模式进行研究和改进,能够使学生学习的专业知识更好的相互衔接并娴熟的应用到实际中。改革选修课教学模式,使教学内容优化,课程考核体系更加客观和科学,以提高选修课的授课质量和教学效果为目的,使安全工程专业的学生综合能力和职业素养全面提升。选修课教学模式的研究有利于促进安全工程专业的学科建设,全面提高本科教学质量。     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

安全工程专业"可靠性工程"课程教学方法研究

《可靠性工程》作为安全工程专业开设的一门专业基础课,能够为学生今后从事专业的产品安全设计、检测和管理等相关工作提供良好理论基础。本文就相关概念混淆、多学科交叉、实践环节缺乏、教学方法单一等教学中存在的主要问题,进行教学方法改革的探讨,采用研究型教学手段、编写专业教材、多渠道增加实践环节、搭建信息网络平台等教学改革与优化的方法,促进安全工程专业的学科建设,达到提高教学质量的目的。     

基于CREAM-LEC法的高温熔融金属作业安全评价

为了提高冶金炼钢工艺的高温熔融金属作业安全评价的科学性和客观性,建立了高温熔融金属CREAM-LEC评价法。该方法通过认知可靠性和失误分析方法 (CREAM法)确定不同作业环境的控制模式,并以此为基础在传统LEC法的基础上引入作业环境的人因可靠性补偿系数M。针对某炼钢企业高温熔融金属作业过程进行评价,结果表明,引入人因可靠性补偿系数后,作业岗位人因可靠度处于较高水平以上危险因素的危险等级呈下降趋势,并可为提高作业安全程度指出方法和途径。     

Spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities of the Yellow Sea by T-RFLP analysis

Four typical coastal sites (rocky shore, sandy shore, mud flat shore, and artificial harbor) at the Yellow Sea were chosen to investigate the spatial and seasonal variations in bacterial communities. This was accomplished by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Two kinds of tetrameric restriction enzymes, HhaI and MspI, were used in the experiment to depict the bacterial community diversity in different marine environments. It was found that the community compositions digested by the two enzymes separately were different. However, the results of bacterial community diversity derived from them were similar. The MDA analysis results of T-RFLP profiles coming from HhaI and MspI both exhibited a significant seasonal community shift for bacteria and a relatively low spatial variation among the four locations. With HhaI as the sample, the pair wise T-tests also revealed that variations were minor between each pair of marine environments, with R ranging from 0.198 to 0.349. However, the bacterial community structure in the mud flat site depicted a larger difference than each of the other three sites (R ranging from 0.282 to 0.349).     

Electrically enhanced photodegradation of an azodye(Acid Orange II) using a Pt/TiO_2 film electrode irradiating with an UV lamp

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An ultra-porous g-C3N4 micro-tube coupled with MXene(Ti3C2TX) nanosheets for efficient degradation of organics under natural sunlight

It remains as a challenge for realizing efficient photo-responsive catalysts towards largescale degradation of organic pollutants under natural sunlight.This work reports a new pore engineering strategy for creating ultra-porous g-C₃N₄ micro-tubes with an unprecedentedly high specific surface area of 152.96 m²/g.This is mainly associated with releasing internal vapor pressure in the autoclave where the hydrothermal treatment of the urea/melamine mixture is proces...     

Effects of temperature and composite alumina on pyrolysis of sewage sludge

An interactive dual-circulating fluidized bed system has been proposed in which the pyrolysis of sewage sludge(SS) and incineration of biomass proceed simultaneously, and alumina is used as the bed material and heat carrier. The alumina coated with biomass ash would mix with sewage sludge in the pyrolysis reactor of this device. It is important to know the influence of composite alumina(CA) on the pyrolysis progress. Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor from 400 to 600°C using CA as catalyst. The effects of temperature and CA additive ratio on the products were investigated. The product yields and component distribution of non-condensable gas were more sensitive to the change of temperature, and the maximum liquid yield of 48.44 wt.% and maximum Useable Energy of Liquid of 3871 k J/kg sludge were observed at 500°C with 1/5 CA/SS(mass ratio). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that the increase of temperature enhanced devolatilization of organic matter and promoted cyclization and aromatization of aliphatics. The presence of CA could strengthen secondary cracking and interaction among primary products from different organic compounds, such as acid–amine condensation,and reduce the content of oxygenated compounds. When the CA additive amount exceeded a certain proportion, the aromatization was clearly strengthened. The effects of CA on decomposition of fatty acids and formation of aromatics were similar to that of temperature. This means that the reaction temperature could be lowered by introducing CA, which has a positive effect on reducing energy consumption.