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1.
周懿  尹戈  孙谦  范军  邓晓丽  黄涛宏 《环境化学》2022,41(2):770-772
本文利用岛津公司GCMS-TQ8050 NX三重四极杆气质联用仪以及AOC-6000自动进样器的SPME Arrow功能,建立了一种饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物的测定方法.水样经固相微萃取方式萃取后采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测.11种亚硝胺类化合物在线性范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数(R)>0.999,检出限在0.55—79.58 ng·L-1.取校准曲线次低浓度点的标准品溶液连续进样6针,峰面积RSD均小于10%.该方法简单方便,能够有效的监测生活饮用水中亚硝胺类物质的含量.  相似文献   
2.
张军  李旭  刘磊玉  李雨茹 《环境科学》2023,44(12):6921-6932
为探究某燃煤电厂污染物排放中重金属对周边农田土壤环境的影响,采用辐射环形法,以电厂烟囱为中心,布设31个农田土壤采样点.使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定土壤中10种重金属含量,分析土壤中重金属含量特征及潜在生态风险,基于地统计空间插值和AERMOD扩散模型对重金属空间分异情况和污染特征进行探究,并运用PMF受体模型对重金属进行源解析.结果表明:①燃煤电厂周边农田土壤重金属ω(Pb)、ω(Mn)、ω(Zn)、ω(Cr)、ω(Ni)、ω(Cu)、ω(As)、ω(Co)、ω(Hg)和ω(Cd)的平均值分别为414.46、286.38、155.22、69.54、55.77、53.48、31.73、19.86、0.78和0.71 mg·kg-1,其中Hg、Pb、Cd、As、Zn、Cu、Co、Cr和Ni的含量均超过陕西省土壤背景值,分别为背景值的26、19.36、7.88、2.83、2.23、2.49、1.87、1.11和1.93倍,元素Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn的高值区出现在电厂西北方向.②燃煤电厂周边农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数(RI)的均值为714.53,整体处于很强的生态风险水平,并在千河火车站、石油天然气公司附近出现高值富集区,Hg元素的单项潜在生态风险指数(Ei)为520.92,处于极强的生态风险水平.③燃煤电厂周边农田土壤重金属主要来源为煤炭燃烧的降尘源(32.16%)、工农业活动源(19.78%)、自然源(26.25%)和交通源(21.81%).土壤重金属含量较高值均分布在距电厂1~2 km范围内,重金属含量在距离电厂1 km范围内较小,在1~2 km范围逐渐增大,大于2 km后又呈逐渐减小趋势.研究得出的电厂周边农田土壤重金属空间分异情况及富集特征,可为开展土壤污染治理提供理论及数据支撑.  相似文献   
3.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To minimize the awful situation confronting the entire globe, the global warming danger has raised the intensity of consciousness from all areas of...  相似文献   
4.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The most common mycotoxin found in European foodstuffs, especially unprocessed grains, is deoxynivalenol (DON), which inhibits proteosynthesis and...  相似文献   
5.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Southeast Asian countries have experienced significant degrees of economic growth over the years but have not managed to safeguard their...  相似文献   
6.
Data-driven techniques are used extensively for hydrologic time-series prediction. We created various data-driven models (DDMs) based on machine learning: long short-term memory (LSTM), support vector regression (SVR), extreme learning machines, and an artificial neural network with backpropagation, to define the optimal approach to predicting streamflow time series in the Carson River (California, USA) and Montmorency (Canada) catchments. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow-coverage dataset was applied to improve the streamflow estimate. In addition to the DDMs, the conceptual snowmelt runoff model was applied to simulate and forecast daily streamflow. The four main predictor variables, namely snow-coverage (S-C), precipitation (P), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin), and their corresponding values for each river basin, were obtained from National Climatic Data Center and National Snow and Ice Data Center to develop the model. The most relevant predictor variable was chosen using the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination feature selection approach. The results show that incorporating the MODIS snow-coverage dataset improves the models' prediction accuracies in the snowmelt-dominated basin. SVR and LSTM exhibited the best performances (root mean square error = 8.63 and 9.80) using monthly and daily snowmelt time series, respectively. In summary, machine learning is a reliable method to forecast runoff as it can be employed in global climate forecasts that require high-volume data processing.  相似文献   
7.
8.
In November 1928, Theodore Jr. and Kermit Roosevelt led an expedition to China with the expressed purpose of being the first Westerners to kill the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The expedition lasted 8 months and resulted in the brothers shooting a giant panda in the mountains of Sichuan Province. Given the concurrent attention in the popular press describing this celebrated expedition, the giant panda was poised to be trophy hunted much like other large mammals around the world. Today, however, the killing of giant pandas, even for the generation of conservation revenue, is unthinkable for reasons related to the species itself and the context, in time and space, in which the species was popularized in the West. We found that the giant panda's status as a conservation symbol, exceptional charisma and gentle disposition, rarity, value as a nonconsumptive ecotourism attraction, and endemism are integral to the explanation of why the species is not trophy hunted. We compared these intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics with 20 of the most common trophy-hunted mammals to determine whether the principles applying to giant pandas are generalizable to other species. Although certain characteristics of the 20 trophy-hunted mammals aligned with the giant panda, many did not. Charisma, economic value, and endemism, in particular, were comparatively unique to the giant panda. Our analysis suggests that, at present, exceptional characteristics may be necessary for certain mammals to be excepted from trophy hunting. However, because discourse relating to the role of trophy hunting in supporting conservation outcomes is dynamic in both science and society, we suspect these valuations will also change in future.  相似文献   
9.
• Isotope dilution method was developed for the determination of 27 PPCPs in water. • The established method was successfully applied to different types of water samples. • The correction effect of corresponding 27 ILSs over 70 d was investigated. • Benefit of isotopic dilution method was illustrated for three examples. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a unique group of emerging and non-persistent contaminants. In this study, 27 PPCPs in various water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE), and determined by isotope dilution method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem triple quadruple mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). A total of 27 isotopically labeled standards (ILSs) were applied to correct the concentration of PPCPs in spiked ultrapure water, drinking water, river, effluent and influent sewage. The corrected recoveries were 73%–122% with the relative standard deviation (RSD)<16%, except for acetaminophen. The matrix effect for all kinds of water samples was<22% and the method quantitation limits (MQLs) were 0.45–8.6 ng/L. The developed method was successfully applied on environmental water samples. The SPE extracts of spiked ultrapure water, drinking water, river and wastewater effluent were stored for 70 days, and the ILSs-corrected recoveries of 27 PPCPs were obtained to evaluate the correction ability of ILSs in the presence of variety interferences. The recoveries of 27 PPCPs over 70 days were within the scope of 72%–140% with the recovery variation<37% in all cases. The isotope dilution method seems to be of benefit when the extract has to be stored for long time before the instrument analysis.  相似文献   
10.
采用电化学再生法对吸附处理染料废水产生的饱和粉末活性炭(PAC)进行再生,以NaCl为电解质,考察了电源类型、pH、再生时间、电压和NaCl浓度对活性炭再生率的影响,并对活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团进行测定。结果表明:(1)在pH=1、直流电压为6V、NaCl为6g/L、再生90min的最佳条件下,采用单室反应器,饱和PAC再生率达到59.09%。(2)电极循环伏安曲线结果表明,饱和PAC电极表面发生氧化反应,与主电极直接和间接氧化共同作用,使活性炭表面吸附的污染物降解。活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团滴定和红外光谱测试结果进一步表明,电化学再生法使活性炭表面基团得到恢复。  相似文献   
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