一起800kV罐式断路器内部故障原因分析

介绍了一起某变电站7530断路器内部闪络故障，结合现场检查、电气试验、故障录波情况确认故障点，通过气体成分及放电产物分析、故障部件电场仿真等手段综合分析800 kV罐式断路器故障原因，并提出了处理措施及建议。     

中国省域森林公园旅游产业竞争力的时空演化特征及影响因素

分析我国各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力演变及其影响因素，有助于为处于不同发展阶段和不同发展水平的省份提供产业竞争力方面的指导。首先构建我国港澳台外31省（市、自治区）森林公园的旅游产业竞争力指标体系，然后计算各省旅游产业竞争力得分并分析其时空演变特征，最后采用分位数回归研究影响森林公园旅游产业竞争力空间差异的主要因素。结果表明：中国森林公园旅游产业平均竞争力值较低，区域差异较大，呈现东部向中西部递减的状态；2004~2014年期间西部各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力进步较小，主要原因是受到“短板效应”的制约，表现为西部各省在产业效益方面与东、中部省份存在较大差距；中国的森林公园存在东北和东南两个高层次旅游产业竞争力集聚中心，并存在逐渐向周边地区扩散，带动周边省份提升发展的趋势；回归表明，国家扶持力度、管理投入、资源禀赋、经济基础、品牌效应和交通便利性会在不同分位点上对各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力产生影响。森林公园旅游产业竞争力在不同分位点上影响因素的差异为有针对性的提高各地区竞争力提供了良好的参考。     

Precursors and potential sources of ground-level ozone in suburban Shanghai

• Air masses from Zhejiang Province is the major source of O₃ in suburban Shanghai. • O₃ formation was in VOC-sensitive regime in rural Shanghai. • O₃ formation was most sensitive to propylene in rural Shanghai. A high level of ozone (O₃) is frequently observed in the suburbs of Shanghai, the reason for this high level remains unclear. To obtain a detailed insight on the high level of O₃ during summer in Shanghai, O₃ and its precursors were measured at a suburban site in Shanghai from July 1, 2016 to July 31, 2016. Using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and concentration weighted trajectories (CWT), we found that Zhejiang province was the main potential source of O₃ in suburban Shanghai. When the sampling site was controlled by south-western winds exceeding 2 m/s, the O₃-rich air masses from upwind regions (such as Zhejiang province) could be transported to the suburban Shanghai. The propylene-equivalent concentration (PEC) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were further calculated for each VOC species, and the results suggested that propylene, (m+p)-xylene, and toluene played dominant roles in O₃ formation. The Ozone Isopleth Plotting Research (OZIPR) model was used to reveal the impact of O₃ precursors on O₃ formation, and 4 base-cases were selected to adjust the model simulation. An average disparity of 18.20% was achieved between the simulated and observed O₃ concentrations. The O₃ isopleth diagram illustrated that O₃ formation in July 2016 was in VOC-sensitive regime, although the VOC/NO_x ratio was greater than 20. By introducing sensitivity (S), a sensitivity analysis was performed for O₃ formation. We found that O₃ formation was sensitive to propylene, (m+p)-xylene, o-xylene and toluene. The results provide theoretical support for O₃ pollution treatment in Shanghai.     

Photodegradation of amoxicillin by catalyzed Fe3+/H2O2 process

Three oxidation processes of UV-Fe³⁺(EDTA)/H₂O₂ (UV: ultraviolet light; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), UV-Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ and Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ were simultaneously investigated for the degradation of amoxicillin at pH 7.0. The results indicated that, 100% amoxicillin degradation and 81.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removal could be achieved in the UV-Fe³⁺ (EDTA)/H₂O₂ process. The treatment efficiency of amoxicillin and COD_Cr removal were found to decrease to 59.0% and 43.0% in the UV-Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ process; 39.6% and 31.3% in the Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ process. Moreover, the results of biodegradability (biological oxygen demand (BOD₅)/COD_Cr ratio) revealed that the UV-Fe³⁺ (EDTA)/H₂O₂ process was a promising strategy to degrade amoxicillin as the biodegradability of the effluent was improved to 0.45, compared with the cases of UV-Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ (0.25) and Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ (0.10) processes. Therefore, it could be deduced that EDTA and UV light performed synergetic catalytic effect on the Fe³⁺/H₂O₂ process, enhancing the treatment efficiency. The degradation mechanisms were also investigated via UV-Vis spectra, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra. The degradation pathway of amoxicillin was further proposed.     

混装制剂类制药行业污染特征与控制标准研究

对混装制剂类制药工业污染物的产生和排放特征进行了调研,对国内外相关标准进行了比较分析,分析了混装制剂类制药行业污染物排放标准的达标情况。提出了大气污染物排放标准的控制项目和建议。     

暂态地电压法与特高频法在局放检测中的应用

为了解决开关柜局部放电问题,在35 kV开关柜局部放电检测中,联合应用暂态地电压法与特高频法确定开关柜内部缺陷性质,通过特高频平分面及时差法进行定位分析,确定开关柜内部缺陷位置,为解体分析提供充分依据。应用结果表明:暂态地电压法与特高频局放检测技术的联合应用,可以实现不同检测手段的互相补充,更有利于开关柜缺陷检测。     

孔雀石绿高效脱色菌株的筛选、鉴定与脱色特性研究

孔雀石绿应用广泛,但难以降解且对许多生物都具有致癌致畸性.从浙江温州皮革厂污泥中分离筛选到1株孔雀石绿高效脱色菌株DH-9,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,该菌株属于Enterabacter sp.属.单因素实验结果表明:当pH值在3.0~9.0时,培养24 h以后,该菌株对孔雀石绿的脱色率均在90%以上;脱色的最适温度范围为30~40℃;多数所测试碳源对脱色没有显著影响,而多数所测试氮源则对脱色有显著的促进作用;所测金属离子中,仅Cu2+和Fe3+对脱色有显著的抑制效应;此外,当接种量达到3%(V∶V,菌体干重约0.23 g·L-1)以后,12 h的脱色率即可达到90%以上.响应面设计实验结果显示,菌株DH-9对孔雀石绿脱色的最优操作条件为:pH 6.0、1.0 g·L-1的半乳糖、1.0 g·L-1的酵母粉、3.0 mmol·L-1的氯化钙以及培养温度为34.5℃.验证实验结果表明:在最优条件下,该菌株在8 h内对孔雀石绿的脱色率可达99.4%.总体而言,菌株DH-9在孔雀石绿脱色中的实际应用潜能较大.     

黄石市典型农业土壤中重金属污染水平及评价

以黄石市阳新县某大型农场作为研究区,于2012年2月采集8个代表性表层(0~20 cm)土壤样品,采用火焰-原子吸收分光光度法分析了各重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Co)的总量及BCR连续提取法提取土壤中重金属的弱酸态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态含量。结果显示,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn和Co总量的平均值分别为122.10、141.29、335.53、2.18、2 606.58和128.27 mg/kg,其中Cd超过了土壤环境三级标准限值,Mn具有最强的变异系数,受到外来污染因素的影响最大。通过地积累指数法和潜在生态危害法表明,6种重金属累积程度由高到低依次为CdCoCuPbZnMn,且Cd、Mn为主要生态风险因子。同时由形态分析可知,Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Mn和Co的化学形态分布均以残渣态为主,说明该农场土壤中重金属元素比较稳定,不易迁移转化,对生物的毒性较小。     

河口盐沼植物分布对有效光合辐射的响应

对东滩植被带光量子通量密度的调查研究表明:互花米草带与海三棱藨草带光量子通量密度没有显著性差异,其值分别为1 570和1 556μmol/(m2·s)。光照对两物种的生长、繁殖等植物行为的影响只取决于其对光照的利用能力和效率;在互花米草和海三棱藨草混生带,到达互花米草和海三棱藨草的光量子通量密度之间存在显著差异(P0.05),互花米草对海三棱藨草的遮荫效应达63%,表明互花米草对海三棱藨草具有强的遮荫作用。光照不足严重影响海三棱藨草的生长,在混生带,海三棱藨草生长速率降低,种群密度和生物量减少,植株高度增加。因此,互花米草对海三棱藨草的遮荫作用,抑制了海三棱藨草在中潮滩的更新过程,因而也是造成海三棱藨草生境丧失的重要原因之一。