生物过滤饮用水深度处理:机遇与挑战

源水水质的恶化给传统的饮用水处理工艺带来了挑战.生物过滤是饮用水消毒输配之前管理、维护及增强颗粒滤料表面生物活性以去除有机和无机物的过程.由于具有高效、低成本等优点，生物过滤在饮用水深度处理工艺中逐渐得到广泛的应用.本文综述了生物过滤在饮用水处理过程中对水中溶解性有机质（消毒副产物前体物）的去除、微量污染物的削减、嗅味化合物及氨氮的去除等.此外，针对生物过滤在水深度处理过程中存在的问题，本文详细讨论了含氮消毒副产物前体物的生成、低温下生物过滤效能下降等挑战，并提出了今后需要研究的问题.     

ABR反应器的两种快速启动方法对比

ABR反应器的启动是ABR反应器能否高效稳定运行的关键，其影响因素很多。为了更好地实现ABR反应器的启动，提出了通过2种不同启动方法的对比，即1^#反应器采用好氧预挂膜的方法，2^#反应器采用低负荷启动法，得出的结论为，好氧预挂膜启动法的启动时间短，COD去除率高，出水pH稳定，颗粒状污泥生长情况较好，是一种可推广的启动方法。     

影响马尾松毛虫虫灾发生类型因素的重要性分析

运用列联表分析方法探讨了小班的林地起源、优势树种、地理、生长等因素对小班的马尾松毛虫虫灾发生类型的影响。分析结果表明：小班的海拔高度和坡度是决定小班的马尾松虫灾发生类型的关键因素。小班的优势种结构、平均树高及郁闭度对小班的马尾松毛虫虫灾发生类型也有较大的影响。图12表1参2     

污染源在线监控系统第三方运营的探讨

环境监测是环境保护的重要基础和支撑,环境监测逐步从手工监测向自动监测过渡。为此必须建立污染物在线连续监控系统,而第三方运营是在线监控系统管理的最佳方式。     

Electrocatalytic degradation of sulfamethylthiadiazole by GAC@Ni/Fe three-dimensional particle electrode

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrodes were prepared and employed for the degradation of sulfamethylthiadiazole (SMT) by three-dimensional...     

白城市环境保护“十三五”规划思路与主要任务

白城市是吉林省重要的防风固沙屏障,但是受客观存在的不利因素与多年来人为的不合理开发影响,生态环境仍然较为脆弱.“十三五”期间,立足白城生态环境实际,以提升环境质量为主线,以突出的环境问题为导向,以生态保护与修复为重点,实施河湖连通工程、造林绿化工程、土地整理工程、湿地保护工程、草原治理工程等5大工程.针对关系百姓切身利益的环境问题,以大气、水、土壤为重点,实施蓝天工程、清水工程、土壤恢复治理工程.健全生态制度,推进生态文明建设,实现区域环境质量得到较大提高和生态脆弱环境得到明显改善.     

格宾护岸填料类型对河道自净能力的影响

选择花岗岩块石、卵石和废建筑砌块3种材料作为格宾填料,研究不同填料在模拟河道中对河水水质净化效果的影响。结果表明,随着实验装置运行时间的延长,各填料对N、P营养盐及有机物的去除能力均有不同程度的提高;3种填料中,卵石相较于其他2种填料对NH3-N、TOC和DOC的去除能力保持在较高的水平,运行26 d后分别达65.26%、71.06%和78.06%;3种填料在实验装置运行初期对TP都有较好的去除效果,运行12 d后,花岗岩块石、卵石、废建筑砌块对TP的去除率分别达89.20%、91.05%和94.71%;卵石表面附着的微生物脂磷含量及脱氢酶活性分别为53.43 nmol P/cm3、10.67μg TF/(h.cm3),均显著高于其他2种填料(p<0.05),其表面较高的微生物量及酶活性有利于对氮素及有机物的去除。     

广西东南部容县崩塌滑坡的易发性评价

广西东南部容县的崩塌滑坡多发频发,对该县造成了严重的威胁。目前,由于缺乏崩塌滑坡易发性分区图,区域的防灾减灾工作正面临前所未有的挑战。因此,本文的目的是在基于对崩塌滑坡综合认识的基础上,采用信息量模型和逻辑回归模型来构建崩塌滑坡的易发性分区图。结果表明:(1)容县划分为极低、低、中、高易发区,信息量模型中四个区域的面积分别为0. 86%、26. 82%、44. 11%和28. 21%,逻辑回归模型中四个区域的面积分别为9. 88%、17. 73%、46. 36%和26. 03%;(2)崩塌滑坡在具备以下特征的区域发生:人类活动强度高、坡度为25°～35°、风化土层厚度大于15 m、岩性为花岗岩、页岩和泥岩;(3)两个模型的ROC曲线下的面积分别为0. 768 8和0. 736 2,相应的成功率分别为76. 88%、73. 62%。本文所采用的两种模型均具有有效的易发性评估能力并且能够达到预期的准确性,但信息量模型计算结果的精度较逻辑回归模型的略高。     

Fractionation and ecological risk of metals in urban river sediments in Zhongshan City, Pearl River Delta

Surface sediments collected from nine urban rivers located in Zhongshan City, Pearl River Delta, were analyzed for total concentration of metals with digestion and chemical fractionation adopting the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that concentration and fractionation of metals varied significantly among the rivers. The total concentration of eight metals in most rivers did not exceed the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soil, Grade III. The potential ecological risk of metals to rivers were related to the land use patterns, in the order of manufacturing areas > residential areas > agriculture areas. The concentration of Pb in the reducible fraction was relatively high (60.0-84.3%). The dominant proportions of Cd, Zn and Cu were primary in the non-residual fraction (67.0%, 71.8% and 81.4% on average respectively), while the percentages of the residual fractions of Cr and Ni varied over a wide range (43-85% and 24-71% respectively). The approaches of the H?kanson ecological risk index and Secondary Phase Enrichment Factor were applied for ecological risk assessment and metal enrichment calculation. The results indicated Hg and Cd had posed high potential ecological risk to urban rivers in this region. Meanwhile, there was widespread pollution and high enrichment of Cu in river sediments in this region. Multiple regression analysis showed that five water quality parameters (pH, DO, COD(Mn), NH(4)(+)-N, TP) had little influence on the distribution of metal fractionation. This result revealed that the ecological risk of metals was not eliminated along with the improvement in water quality. Correlation studies showed that among the metals, Group A (Cd, As, Pb, Zn Hg, r = 0.730-0.924) and Group B (Cr, Cu, Ni, r = 0.815-0.948) were obtained, and the metal contaminations were from industrial activities rather than residential.     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定地表水和饮用水中的痕量砷、汞、硒

文章研究了用SK-2002 AFS analyser氢化物发生原子荧光法测定地表水和饮用水中的砷、汞、硒的测定。在5％的酸度条件下加入5％硫脲＋5％抗坏血酸,20g／L的硼氢化钾为还原剂,调整仪器的空气和辅气流量及分析条件为文中条件,取水样中分别添加砷,汞,硒,使它们的浓度分别为2μg/L,0．4μg／L,4μg／L,连续测定12次,以砷,汞,硒的相对标准偏差分别为0．4％,1．1％,1．2％。取水样加入As,Hg,Se标准分别为2．0ng,0．6ng,4．0ng,测定的添加标准回收率分别为99．5％,97．5％,95．8％。研究结果表明,该方法操作简便,快速,灵敏,干扰少,检出限低等特点,适合于测定地表水和饮用水中砷,汞,硒的测定。