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Opencast mining dominates coal production in India. A survey was conducted to evaluate its local atmospheric impact. Emissions data were utilised to compute dust generation due to different mining activities. Work zone air quality, ambient air quality and seasonal variations are described revealing high pollution potential due to suspended particulate matter (SPM) and consequent impact on human health. Air pollution control measures involve planning and implementing a series of preventive and suppressive measures in addition to dust extraction systems. Different abatement measures are enumerated. Pollution control by trees, the tolerance of trees to different air pollutants and plant species useful for controlling pollution are also discussed. There is a need for wider application of dust control chemicals on haul roads. Sustainable management of pollution can be achieved by the proper implementation of suggested abatement measures.  相似文献   
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The importance of coal washeries in India is growing as local coals have a high ash content. At present, there are 23 coal washeries with an annual rated input of 45 Million Tonnes. During the various operations in washeries, large amounts of dusts and gaseous pollutants are generated. Four coal washery projects were surveyed to study their air pollution characteristics. Air monitoring stations were set up in local industrial, residential and sensitive areas and air pollution samples were collected along with micro-meteorological data. Diurnal variations of SPM, SO2 NOx and CO are discussed. SPM concentrations were found to exceed the permissible limits at all locations. SO2 and NOx were also found to exceed the permissible limit in residential and sensitive areas. It was observed that about 50% of the dust particles were less than 10 µ in diameter. Benzene soluble matter in SPM ranged from 45–62%.  相似文献   
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Uncontrolled growth of the urban population in developing countries in recent years has made solid waste management an important issue. Very often, a substantial amount of total expenditures is spent on the collection of solid waste by city authorities. Optimization of the routing system for collection and transport of solid waste thus constitutes an important component of an effective solid waste management system. This paper describes an attempt to design and develop an appropriate storage, collection and disposal plan for the Asansol Municipality Corporation (AMC) of West Bengal State (India). A GIS optimal routing model is proposed to determine the minimum cost/distance efficient collection paths for transporting the solid wastes to the landfill. The model uses information on population density, waste generation capacity, road network and the types of road, storage bins and collection vehicles, etc. The proposed model can be used as a decision support tool by municipal authorities for efficient management of the daily operations for transporting solid wastes, load balancing within vehicles, managing fuel consumption and generating work schedules for the workers and vehicles. The total cost of the proposed collection systems is estimated to be around 80 million rupees for the fixed cost of storage bins, collection vehicles and a sanitary landfill and around 8.4 million rupees for the annual operating cost of crews, vehicles and landfill maintenance. A substantial amount (25 million rupees/yr) is currently being spent by AMC on waste collection alone without any proper storage/collection system and sanitary landfill. Over a projected period of 15 yr, the overall savings is thus very significant.  相似文献   
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Every mine in India has to obtain environmental clearance fromthe Govt. Air pollution is one of the most important parametersto be considered in preparing an EIA. However, there is no welldefined method for predicting thr air pollution impact due tomining. Increasing trend of opencast (O/C) mining leads toproduction of huge quantities of dust. Emission factor data havebeen utilised to quantify the generation of dust. The projectunder study is one of the largest opencast project (OCP) forcoking coal. The main sources of air pollution have beenidentified. The rate of emission per unit of a given activityknown as an emission factor has been utilised, taking localfactors into account. It has been estimated that due to topsoilremoval, overburden (O/B) removal, extraction of coal, sizereduction generated 7.8 t of dust per day. Wind erosiongenerated 1.6 t of dust per day and the whole operationproduced dust which accounted for 9.4 mt/day. They cause airpollution in the work zone and surrouding locations. Themethodology adopted may be used to quantify generation for otherprojects also.  相似文献   
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