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1.
• A survey on individual’s perception of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was conducted. • Waterborne transmission risks are far less perceived by individuals. • Precautions of preventing wastewater mediated transmission are implemented. • The precautions for wastewater transmission are less favored by the public. • Education level differs the most regarding to waterborne transmission perception. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in various environmental media. Community and individual-engaged precautions are recommended to stop or slow environmentally-mediated transmission. To better understand the individual’s awareness of and precaution to environmental dissemination of SARS-CoV-2, an online survey was conducted in Beijing during March 14–25, 2020. It is found that the waterborne (especially wastewater mediated) spreading routes are far less perceived by urban communities. The precautions for wastewater transmission are less favored by the public than airborne and solid waste mediated spreading routes. Such risk communication asymmetry in waterborne transmission will be further enlarged in places with fragile water system. Furthermore, education level is the most significant attribution (Sig.<0.05) that causes the difference of awareness and precautions of the waterborne transmission among the respondents, according to the variance analysis results. Our survey results emphasize the urgent need for evidence-based, multifactorial precautions for current and future outbreaks of COVID-19.  相似文献   
2.
• Sulfidation significantly enhanced As(V) immobilization in soil by zerovalent iron. • S-ZVI promoted the conversion of exchangeable As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. • Column test further confirmed the feasibility of sulfidated ZVI on As retention. • S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation markedly reduced TCLP leachability of As. In this study, the influences of sulfidation on zero-valent iron (ZVI) performance toward As(V) immobilization in soil were systemically investigated. It was found that, compared to unamended ZVI, sulfidated ZVI (S-ZVI) is more favorable to immobilize As(V) in soil and promote the conversion of water soluble As to less mobile Fe-Mn bound As. Specifically, under the optimal S/Fe molar ratio of 0.05, almost all of the leached As could be sequestrated by>0.5 wt.% S-ZVI within 3 h. Although the presence of HA could decrease the desorption of As from soil, HA inhibited the reactivity of S-ZVI to a greater extent. Column experiments further proved the feasibility of applying S-ZVI on soil As(V) immobilization. More importantly, to achieve a good As retention performance, S-ZVI should be fully mixed with soil or located on the downstream side of As migration. The test simulating the flooding conditions in rice culture revealed there was also a good long-term stability of soil As(V) after S-ZVI remediation, where only 0.7% of As was desorbed after 30 days of incubation. Magnetic separation was employed to separate the immobilized As(V) from soil after S-ZVI amendment, where the separation efficiency was found to be dependent of the iron dosage, liquid to soil ratio, and reaction time. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests revealed that the leachability of As from soil was significantly reduced after the S-ZVI amendment and magnetic separation treatment. All these findings provided some insights into the remediation of As(V)-polluted soil by ZVI.  相似文献   
3.
王自龙  蒋勇 《火灾科学》2021,30(1):54-62
化工园区中危险源众多,一旦发生事故很容易在整个园区内蔓延和发展。针对化工园区内储罐密集,容易引发连锁反应导致事故扩大的特点,利用FDS软件对储罐火灾场景进行数值模拟,根据储罐所受热辐射确定化工园区内储罐火灾最可能的事故发生序列,并引入基于设备失效前时间的机械设备故障概率模型对罐区内单个储罐的火灾风险进行研究,得到储罐区火灾多米诺效应的时空演变。以某储罐区火灾为例,对多米诺效应下的火灾场景进行推演,结果表明该方法可以准确地预测多米诺效应过程中储罐的火灾风险,为化工园区应急响应提供有效支持。  相似文献   
4.
针对取芯过程瓦斯解吸受煤芯的温度影响不明,造成煤层瓦斯含量测不准的问题,开展对取芯过程煤芯温度分布特征研究。采用自主研制的取芯管自动测温装置在赵固二矿原生结构煤层(f=1.71)进行深度20 m的取芯试验,获得取芯管管壁温升变化规律,变化曲线分为4个阶段:缓慢上升、加速上升、减速上升、缓慢下降阶段;应用COMSOL建立含瓦斯煤传热模型,将管壁的温度变化设置为边界条件,模拟取芯过程煤芯与管壁之间的热交换。结果表明:在取芯时间30 min内,煤芯平均温度快速上升,之后上升速度趋于平稳;在煤芯内,相同时刻,等间距的轴向与径向距离,径向较轴向的温度梯度较大,径向传导快于轴向传导;取芯过程煤芯径向温度Ta与径向距离d、时间t满足指数函数关系。研究结果可为测定取芯过程煤芯的瓦斯损失量提供参考依据。  相似文献   
5.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater resource is significantly important for sustainable development of the world, especially for arid endorheic watersheds. A total of 28...  相似文献   
6.
The iron and steel industry is not only an important foundation of the national economy, but also the largest source of industrial air pollution. Due to the current status of emissions in the iron and steel industry, ultra-low pollutant emission control technology has been researched and developed. Liquid-phase proportion control technology has been developed for magnesian fluxed pellets, and a blast furnace smelting demonstration project has been established to use a high proportion of fluxed pellets (80%) for the first time in China to realize source emission reduction of SO2 and NOx. Based on the characteristics of high NOx concentrations and the coexistence of multiple pollutants in coke oven flue gas, low-NOx combustion coupled with multi-pollutant cooperative control technology with activated carbon was developed to achieve efficient removal of multiple pollutants and resource utilization of sulfur. Based on the characteristics of co-existing multiple pollutants in pellet flue gas, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) coupled with ozone oxidation and spray drying adsorption (SDA) was developed, which significantly reduces the operating cost of the system. In the light of the high humidity and high alkalinity in flue gas, filter materials with high humidity resistance and corrosion resistance were manufactured, and an integrated pre-charged bag dust collector device was developed, which realized ultra-low emission of fine particles and reduced filtration resistance and energy consumption in the system. Through source emission reduction, process control and end-treatment technologies, five demonstration projects were built, providing a full set of technical solutions for ultra-low emissions of dust, SO2, NOx, SO3, mercury and other pollutants, and offering technical support for the green development of the iron and steel industry.  相似文献   
7.
虚拟耕地资源被广泛认为是缓解国内耕地资源压力和促进农业经济增长的重要举措之一。在论证虚拟耕地资源贸易对农业经济增长作用机理分析的基础上,计算1996~2018年中国主要农产品虚拟耕地资源贸易量,并对虚拟耕地资源对农业经济增长中的贡献份额进行实证分析,为调整对外贸易战略及优化耕地资源策略提供参考。结果表明:虚拟耕地资源可以在更大范围内实现耕地资源的优化配置;主要农产品贸易的巨大逆差决定了中国是虚拟耕地资源净进口大国,其中,油料是虚拟耕地资源净进口量最大的品种;虚拟耕地资源对农业经济增长的贡献率为0.26%,观点得到了佐证。同时,还提出了要试点实施虚拟耕地资源,全力以赴做好贸易政策调整战略;充分利用国内外“两种资源、两个市场”,倒逼主要农产品进行结构调整;努力构建虚拟耕地资源管理新模式,推动农业“走出去”与市场多元化结合等政策建议。  相似文献   
8.
本研究利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS)于2018年12月6—12日在西安市开展高时间分辨率的实时在线观测.观测期间颗粒物数浓度和PM2.5质量浓度变化趋势一致,表明颗粒物数浓度可以反映大气污染状况.结合自适应共振神经网络算法和人工分类方法,将颗粒物共分为7类,分别是元素碳颗粒(EC)、有机碳与元素碳混合颗粒(OCEC)、有机碳颗粒(OC)、富钾颗粒(K-rich)、生物质颗粒(BB)、扬尘颗粒(Dust)、重金属颗粒(Metal),其中占比最大的是含碳颗粒(包括EC、OCEC和OC),总占比达到66.9%.颗粒物的粒径分布表明,88.6%的颗粒物粒径分布在200—500 nm之间. OCEC、EC和OC颗粒在整个测径范围内占比较大.在污染期间,EC颗粒和K-rich颗粒的占比升高较为明显,表明此次污染事件在很大程度上受到了燃烧源以及颗粒物老化的影响.混合状态结果表示,污染期颗粒物与无机离子组分的混合程度高于清洁期,表明污染期颗粒物的老化程度更深.  相似文献   
9.
针对铬盐废水蒸发系统运行过程中的腐蚀问题,采用失重法、pH值检测、扫描电镜(SEM、EDS)和XRD等手段,模拟研究了温度、Cr^3+质量浓度对20#碳钢腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物的影响,并从废水pH值和形貌分析角度探索腐蚀速率发生突变的原因。研究表明:废水Cr^3+质量浓度在150~180 mg/L范围,碳钢腐蚀速率发生突增,废水酸性迅速增强(pH<4)以及腐蚀产物的致密度和结晶遭到破坏是腐蚀速率发生突变的重要原因;工业生产中可调节工况(温度约65℃和Cr^3+质量浓度低于150 mg/L)来实现安全、经济缓蚀,亦可通过废水pH值和腐蚀产物形貌初步判定蒸发系统腐蚀程度。  相似文献   
10.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microfaunal identification and analysis are very complex; thus, an image analysis method was utilized in this paper to overcome the shortcomings of...  相似文献   
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