The application of system dynamics in different practices of a waste management system

The continuous increase in waste generation warrants global management of waste to reduce the adverse economic, social, and environmental impact of waste while achieving goals for sustainability. The complexity of waste management systems due to different waste management practices renders such systems difficult to analyze. System dynamics (SD) approach aids in conceptualizing and analyzing the structure, interactions, and mode of behavior of the complex systems. The impact of the underlying components can therefore be assessed in an integrated way while the impact of possible policies on the system can be studied to implement appropriate decisions. This review summarizes various applications of SD pertinent to the waste management practices in different countries. Practices may include waste generation, reduction, reuse/recovery, recycling, and disposal. Each study supports regional-demanding targets in environmental, social, and economic scopes such as expanding landfill life span, implementing proper disposal fee, global warming mitigation, energy generation/saving, etc. The interacting variables in the WMS are specifically determined based on the defined problem, ultimate goal, and the type of waste. Generally, population and gross domestic product can increase the waste generation. An increase in waste reduction, source separation, and recycling rate could decrease the environmental impact, but it is not necessarily profitable from an economic perspective. Incentives to separate waste and knowledge about waste management are variables that always have a positive impact on the entire system.

     

价值共创视角下非遗研学旅行产品开发研究--基于需求侧的调研

以非遗研学旅行产品为例,需求侧在产品开发中的缺位是造成产品问题的重要原因,可运用价值共创理论指导产品开发。根据调查问卷结果及分析,基于对实际决策人--学生家长的产品选择偏好、考虑因素、价值感知、购买意向与满意度4个维度的分析,提出优化非遗研学产品开发的4个方面建议:政府营造研学氛围,加强制度保障;学校开展非遗教育,发挥桥梁作用;供方考虑市场需求,强化产品内涵;供需两侧共建价值共创平台。     

过硫酸钠氧化脱色罗丹明B——影响因素和机理

采用过硫酸钠(PDS)直接氧化和催化活化氧化脱色罗丹明B(RhB),分别考察了PDS剂量、pH、催化剂、Cl-浓度对RhB脱色的影响.结果表明,PDS在无外加催化剂下能够有效脱色RhB,pH越低,脱色率越高;当pH 2.4,PDS用量为3.5 g·L^-1,在120 min内RhB的脱色率可达92%;自由基淬灭实验表明,酸性条件下主要为PDS直接氧化脱色RhB,并存在小部分硫酸根自由基(SO₄4·-)作用.在pH 5.6、pH 8.0条件下,外加活性炭纤维(ACF)、四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄4)、Fe₃O₄4负载型催化剂(ACF/Fe3O₄4)可促进PDS对RhB脱色;在pH 2.4条件下,外加ACF对RhB脱色的促进作用较小,Fe₃O₄4、ACF/Fe₃O₄4对RhB脱色有一定抑制作用.不同pH和催化剂处理下,低浓度Cl-(0.01、0.04 mO₄l·L^-1)对RhB脱色速率都呈现抑制作用,高浓度Cl-(0.08 mO₄l·L^-1)相对于低浓度Cl-处理都呈促进作用.不同浓度Cl-处理在反应前60 min RhB脱色速率差异较大,而反应120 min后脱色率差异较小.提出Cl-通过调控SO₄4·-脱色RhB途径来影响RhB脱色速率的机理,Cl-竞争消耗SO₄4·-降低RhB脱色速率,但经一系列反应生成的Cl2·-能与RhB快速反应而提高RhB脱色速率;Cl-对RhB的脱色反应速率的影响存在抑制-促进双重机制,且与Cl-浓度相关.研究结果为基于PDS直接氧化和催化氧化处理含盐染料废水的研究和应用提供了一定的理论依据.     

Personal exposure to PM2.5-bound heavy metals associated with cardiopulmonary function in general population

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To better understand the cardiopulmonary alterations associated with personal exposed PM2.5-bound heavy meals, we conducted a cross-sectional study in...     

砷尾矿污染土壤的细菌群落结构多样性及其相关环境影响因子分析

以湖南石门雄黄尾矿污染土壤为对象,研究纵向不同深度、横向不同距离土样中的重金属污染程度以及细菌群落结构变化规律,查明砷污染土壤的核心微生物组成并将其与土壤理化指标进行共存网络图分析。结果表明:该尾矿区的土壤各项重金属指标严重超标,尤以铅(626.54 mg·kg^?1,Ei=105.48)、砷(1804.75 mg·kg^?1,Ei=565.75)、镉(31.46 mg·kg^?1,Ei=7491.5)的生态危害性最强;土壤采样深度与重金属综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)呈显著正相关(r=0.79,P=0.000),而横向样品中RI与采样距离显著负相关(r=?0.85,P=0.000)。在污染土壤中,变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria,54.35%±17.16%)和放线杆菌门(Actinobacteria,22.39%±10.64%)占主导地位,属层级中假单孢杆菌属(Pseudomonas,16.47%±11.84%)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter,8.07%±7.11%)以及硫酸状杆菌属(Acidithiobacillus,7.53%±14.68%)相对丰度较高;而26个共享类群占据了该尾矿污染土壤中微生物群落总平均相对丰度90%以上,尽管不同属的具体相对丰度在不同样品间的分布趋势差异较大。纵剖采集的污染土样中,铁原体属(Ferroplasma)、硫酸状杆菌属(Acidithiobacillus)、硫化杆菌属(Sulfobacillus)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)占优势,与理化的共存网络图分析(相关系数|r|≥0.6,P<0.05)显示部分类群与亚铁、游离态砷和镉成显著正相关,而与pH成显著负相关;横向采集的土样中,以嗜酸菌属(Acidiphilium)、假单孢杆菌属(Pseudomonas)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)等为主,部分类群与总砷、铅成显著正相关,而与结合态或包蔽型砷成显著负相关。综上,该研究不仅对目标区域尾矿不同重金属污染程度进行了分析,同时探讨了污染土壤中核心响应类群的组成多样性,为筛选潜在重金属抗性菌群或工程菌群提供理论基础。     

Effects of environmental regulation on firm entry and exit and China’s industrial productivity: a new perspective on the Porter Hypothesis

Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - This paper dissects the effects of environmental regulation on the productivity of pollution-intensive industries and by doing so offers a new...     

A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission standard quantification

● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard. ● Predicted the SO₂ emission intensity of single coking enterprises in China. ● Evaluated the influence of pollutant discharge standard on prediction accuracy. ● Analyzed the SO₂ emissions of Chinese provincial and municipal coking enterprises. Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards (QRPES) into the construction of support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) prediction methods for SO₂ emission of coking enterprises in China. The results show that, affected by the types of coke ovens and regions, China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards, with marked differences. After adding QRPES, it was found that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a, and theR² increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945, respectively. This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy, and the SO₂ emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards. The predicted result shows that 45% of SO₂ emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China. The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.     

珠江口表层水中多环芳烃的分布特征及健康风险评估

分别于2015年2、5、8、11月在珠江八大入海口采集表层水体样品,应用固相萃取富集法对该区域表层水体中16种USEPA优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的时空分布特征进行分析,并利用终生致癌风险增量模型(ILCR)对该区域的饮水健康风险进行评价。结果表明:珠江口4个季度所采集的水样中,∑15PAHs的浓度范围为18.0~50.3 ng/L,含量处于中等水平。其中7种强致癌性∑7PAHs的浓度范围为1.53~3.73 ng/L,占∑15PAHs的5.89%~11.1%,∑15PAHs和∑7PAHs在枯水期(2、11月)样品中明显高于丰水期(5、8月)。就组成特征而言,各采样点PAHs以3、4环为主。珠江口表层水中非致癌类PAHs的危害商数值为0.99×10~(-5)~2.73×10~(-5),远低于USEPA规定的阈值(1);致癌类PAHs产生的健康风险为6.50×10~(-8)~2.37×10~(-7),其中Ba P导致的饮水途径健康风险最高,所有点位致癌类PAHs的健康风险均低于USEPA推荐的对致癌物质最大可接受风险水平(10~(-6)),表明珠江口表层水中PAHs尚不具备严重的致癌风险,但是仍然存在潜在的健康风险,需要重点控制和管理。     

Preparation of Porous Nanofibers from Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite Nanofibers by Inexpensive Salt Using for Dye Adsorption

The high surface area of porous nanofibers enhances their performance for many applications. The present study investigated electrospinning and dye adsorption properties of polymeric nanofibers which were porous by various types of salts. The salt/polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride composite nanofibers were electrospun, and the inexpensive salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), or calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was used to manufacture the porous fibers. Subsequently, the salt was removed by a selective dissolution, and salt extraction of nanofibers was performed with the solution of hydrochloric acid (10 wt%). Salt/PVDF/PAN and porous PVDF/PAN composite nanofibers have been applied to dye adsorption of solution. The characteristics of nanofibers were studied by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. FTIR showed that the salt was extracted from PVDF/PAN nanofibers successfully, and SEM indicated that many pores were aligned with the nanofibers. The adsorption capacity of salt nanofibers webs and porous nanofibers webs for Basic Blue 41 were compared with each other, and porous fibers were obtained from NaHCO₃ having the highest dye adsorption value. Adsorption of dyes follows the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics.     

Social justice and mobility in coastal Louisiana,USA

Regional Environmental Change - Louisiana faces extensive coastal land loss which threatens the livelihoods of marginalized populations. These groups have endured extreme disruptive events in the...