一种模拟动力学边界条件的环境振动试验方法研究

目的提高环境振动试验的可靠性。方法以某典型钛合金蜂窝夹芯壁板试验件为例,提出一种模拟试验件动力学边界条件的试验方法,在试验件周围引入弹性连接件,再通过刚性转接工装与振动台台面连接,以试验件在试验安装状态下的共振频率及振型节线位置为优化目标,以弹性连接件的外形尺寸及厚度为优化变量,对弹性连接件进行优化设计,从而模拟试验件真实的动力学边界条件。结果弹性连接件的优化设计使得试验件在试验安装状态下前两阶共振频率与试验要求相差小于8%,而且振型节线位置与试验要求基本重合,达到了模拟试验件真实动力学边界条件的设计目标。结论对于壁板类试验件,在传统刚性夹具的基础上引入弹性连接件的试验方法,可以较好地模拟试验件真实动力学边界条件,提高环境振动试验的可靠性,并且这种方法对试验费用及试验周期影响较小,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

安徽省枞阳县拔茅山铜矿地质特征

产于庐枞中生代火山岩盆地中的石英大脉状铜矿受放射状火山构造控制。枞阳县拔茅山铜矿位于庐枞盆地南部,为细脉浸染型铜矿,降低边界品位圈定的矿体具有带状斑岩铜矿特征。依据庐枞地区的铜矿矿体形态垂向分带模式,指出寻找带状斑岩铜矿的方向。     

旋轮形状对杯形件单道次拉深旋压成形的影响

对杯形件单道次拉深旋压成形过程进行了分析,重点讨论了具有两个圆弧工作面的旋轮形状对成形过程的影响.研究结果表明,不同的旋轮形状不仅改变了旋压力p的大小,并且由于其对厚度应变ε的分布影响较大而造成整个旋压过程变形特征的改变,从而导致在工件的不同部位产生破裂.     

碟形封头冷旋压成形时的数值分析及旋压力计算

建立了碟形封头冷旋压的三维有限元数学模型 ,分析了封头在冷旋压成形过程中应力应变的分布规律 ,计算了旋压力并分析了其变化的原因 ,为更有效地进行旋压加工前的科学预测、工艺优化和进一步定量控制提供了可靠方法和依据     

L型栓子成形及模具结构

简要论述了L型栓子的成形方法、注意事项与模具结构,其方法简单可靠.     

Experimental research of LNG accidental underwater release and combustion behavior

Evaluating potential hazards caused by accidental LNG release from underwater pipelines or vessels is a significant consideration in marine transportation safety. The aim of this study was to capture the dynamic behavior of LNG jet released under water and to analyze its vapor dispersion characteristics and combustion characteristics on the water surface during different release scenarios. Controlled experiments were conducted where LNG was jet released from a cryogenic storage tank. The dynamic process of LNG being jet released from orifices of different sizes and shapes, as well as the rising plume structure, were captured by a high-speed camera. The leakage flow rate and pipeline pressure were recorded by a flow meter and pressure gauge, respectively. The concentration distribution that emanated from the water surface was measured utilizing methane sensors in different positions with various wind speeds. The flame combustion characteristics of LNG vapor clouds, which immediately ignited upon the enclosed water tank, were also recorded. Additionally, the mass burning rate of the flame on the water surface was evaluated, and a new correlation between the ratio of flame length and width was established. The results indicated a large dimensionless heat release rate (Q*) and a continuous release flow rate in a limited burning area. This study could provide greater understanding of the mechanisms of LNG release and combustion behavior under water.     

When is increasing consumption of common property optimal? Sorting,congestion and entry in the commons

First-best pricing or assignment of property rights for rival and non-excludable goods is often infeasible. In a setting where the social planner cannot limit total use, we show that common-property resources can be over or under-consumed. This depends on whether the external benefits of reallocating users to less congested resources outweigh the additional costs imposed by new entrants. Importantly, we show that it may be optimal to encourage consumption of some common property resources. Our results have important implications for settings ranging from fisheries and forestry to recreational demand and transportation.     

近地面大气颗粒物粒度与粒形特征

选择大气颗粒物污染代表性城市石家庄市,利用挂片法采集采暖期与非采暖期大气颗粒物样品,在CIS-50粒度粒形仪上进行视频通道测试,并利用扫描电镜对颗粒表面形态进行观察,得出颗粒物粒度分布、粒形参数及形貌特征.结果显示,大气颗粒物粒度分布为连续多峰曲线形态,粒径范围为0.8～120 μm,集中于10 μm以下,粒度均值变化为4.086 0～7.622 7 μm,标准差随粒度均值增大而增大;粒形参数中形状因子均值变化为0.718 3～0.899 3,分维度均值变化为1.041 1～1.072 0.上述数据均呈现在非采暖期间小于采暖期间的特征.扫描电镜观察表明大气颗粒物多为表面粗糙的块状形貌,粒度较大;团聚状次之,并呈粗、细2种团聚形态;球体颗粒粒度最小.分析认为,石家庄市近地面大气颗粒物粒度粒形变化受地面排放影响强烈,采暖期新增颗粒物粒度为5～8 μm,粒形为近圆形及圆形,呈聚合体形态;PM₅数量比与近方形及正方形颗粒数量比呈较好正相关,r 为0.945 8,与近圆形及圆形颗粒数量比呈负相关,r 为-0.972 6,PM₅在大气颗粒物粒度粒形变化中可能有重要影响.     

Multi-objective-based optimal transmission switching and demand response for managing congestion in hybrid power systems

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a novel congestion management (CM) approach by using the optimal transmission switching (OTS) and demand response (DR) for a system with conventional thermal generators and renewable energy sources (RESs). In this paper, wind and solar PV units are considered as the RESs. The stochastic behavior of wind and solar PV powers are modeled by using the appropriate probability density functions (PDFs). The proposed CM methodology simultaneously optimizes the generation dispatch, demand response, and also the network topology of the power system. The OTS identifies the branches that should be taken out of service by significantly reducing the operating cost of the system while respecting the system security. Here, the total operating cost minimization/social welfare maximization and system losses minimization are considered as the objectives to be optimized. The proposed CM problem is solved using the multi-objective Jaya algorithm and it is used to determine a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. The Jaya algorithm is simple and it does not have any algorithmic-specific parameters to be tuned. This aspect reduces the designer’s effort in tuning the parameters to arrive at the optimum objective function value. A fuzzy logic-based approach is used to identify the best compromise solution. The effectiveness of the proposed CM approach is examined on modified IEEE 30 and practical Indian 75 bus test systems. The obtained simulation results are analyzed and they show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Numerical Simulations of the Urban Roughness Sub-Layer : A First Attempt

Most of the mesoscale models use roughness parameters to characterise the ground and to compute the surface stress. As the experimental determinations of the urban roughness parameters are rare and not very reliable, a new methodology based on microscale numerical simulations is presented here and the first results from two-dimensional simulations with different roof shapes are analysed.Firstly, it appears that the roof shape has a large influence : large difference in the Reynolds stress profile and in the roughness sub-layer thickness, enhancement of the exchanges at the roof level by buildings with attic. It also appears that the fetch necessary to obtain a constant flux layer is unrealistic compared to the real spatial homogeneity of quarters in European cities. Consequently, a new parameterisation of the urban ground-induced friction is to be developed without reference to the constant flux layer theory.