异型材挤压模具开裂失效原因分析

分析了异型材热挤压时造成挤压模具开裂失效的各种原因,并提出了预防和补救措施。     

基于时频分析的裂纹转子碰摩故障特征研究

为研究转子系统耦合故障特性,采用有限元方法建立了含有横向裂纹、转静碰摩的非线性转子动力学模型。首先研究了不同转速下裂纹、碰摩单一故障下转子系统的振动响应,其次研究了两种故障耦合情况下系统的振动响应特征。采用波形图、FFT谱图、瞬时频率和Hilbert-Huang时频谱(HHS)相结合的方法对故障转子振动信号进行了分析。分析结果表明:运用多种时频分析相结合的方法可以较为全面地了解转子的故障特征,裂纹转子在1/5、1/3临界转速时会发生较为明显的5X、3X谐波,且裂纹的产生会导致响应幅值增大,从而引起更为严重的碰摩。      

高压喷射技术加固地基的工程实践

概述了在辽宁大洼县田庄台抽水站地基处理工程中采用高压喷射注浆技术的实践经验，并介绍了从工程勘察、方案选择、设计、施工和检测的全过程。此项技术，经过长期沉降观测取得了良好的加固成果。     

模具线切割开裂和变形的原因与预防措施

此文针对模具线切割过程中产生开裂和变形的现象,从残余应力的产生原因、影响模具线切割开裂和变形的因素较全面的进行了分析和论述,模具线切割开裂和变形是由于其模板内部的残余应力,尤其是热处理残余应力所致,但线切割在一定程度上破坏了模板内残余应力平衡状态,诱发了开裂或变形。根据影响的诸因素,提出了预防开裂和变形的各种措施,但措施的有效性还须因件施策,满足模具的使用寿命和顾及对后序加工的影响。     

火电厂锅炉再热器联络管裂纹分析及处理

某火电厂亚临界锅炉墙式再热器蒸汽出口至屏式再热器联络管母管及排空气管接管座产生裂纹发生渗漏.通过对墙式再热器出口管道排空气管接管座裂纹特征、结构型式、管道现场布置情况、运行环境等方面进行综合分析,认为排空气管道安装布置不合理,无保温措施,导致冷凝水倒流,形成热疲劳裂纹并逐步延伸扩展.确认产生裂纹的原因后,优化管道安装布...     

加氢装置分液罐泄漏失效原因分析

针对某石油化工公司加氢装置中变气第一分液罐底部环焊缝周围产生多处裂纹而发生泄漏的事故,通过对该压力容器使用工作环境的工况调查、设备泄漏部位裂纹宏观分析、裂纹形态及断口理化金相分析、材质化学成分检测、焊接接头金相组织分析、材料拉伸力学性能试验和硬度测试等手段,综合分析裂纹产生的原因,得出初步结论,并提出改进建议。     

The distribution of chlorpyrifos following a crack and crevice type application in the US EPA Indoor Air Quality Research House

A study was conducted in the US EPA Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Research House to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorpyrifos following a professional crack and crevice application in the kitchen. Following the application, measurements were made in the kitchen, den and master bedroom over 21 days. Airborne concentrations were collected using both polyurethane foam (PUF) and the OSHA versatile sampler composed of XAD and PUF media located in tandem. Measured airborne concentrations were similar for the two samplers and were higher in the three rooms following the application. The highest measured concentrations were reached during the initial 24-h following application; concentrations subsequently declined over the 21-day study period to levels slightly above background. Spatial and temporal distributions onto surfaces were measured using 10-cm² rayon deposition coupons located on the floor. Sections were cut from existing carpet to determine the total extractable residues. Chlorpyrifos was measured from all matrixes in the kitchen, den and bedroom and the data shows the transport of airborne residues from the point of application to remote locations in the house. The findings are compared and discussed relative to another study conducted in which total release aerosols containing chlorpyrifos were activated in the IAQ research house and the resulting distributions evaluated. For both studies dose estimates were constructed for the exposure pathways using the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Estimation Model for pesticides.The United States Environmental Protection Agency has been mandated to examine children's exposure to environmental pollutants such as pesticides. This research specifically reduces uncertainties associated with estimating children's potential exposures to residentially applied pesticides and provides inputs to further evaluate and validate residential exposure models which might be used to reduce exposures and perform risk assessments.     

Variation of crack intensity factor in three compacted clay liners exposed to annual cycle of atmospheric conditions with and without geotextile cover

Performance of compacted clay liners commonly used as landfill barrier systems can be subject to decline in terms of hydraulic conductivity if left exposed to atmospheric conditions for an extended period of time prior to placement of overlaying layers. The resulting desiccation cracking can lead to increased hydraulic conductivity. Desiccation crack intensity was studied for three clayey soils commonly used for construction of landfill barrier system in a relatively large scale test setup exposed to real time atmospheric conditions over a complete annual cycle. A white separator geotextile cover was presumed to be capable of reducing the intensity of desiccation cracking through absorbing and maintaining higher amounts of moisture and reducing the temperature of the soil surface in comparison to a directly exposed soil surface. Desiccation cracking was monitored using a digital imaging technique for three compacted clay liners in two sets, one open to air and the second covered with the white geotextile. Crack intensity factor approached a relatively stable phase after certain cycles corresponding to atmospheric dry wet cycles. The results indicated that the white separator geotextile was capable of reducing the crack intensity factor by 37.4–45.9% throughout the experiment including the cyclic phase of desiccation cracking. During the stable phase, the maximum reduction in crack intensity factor of 90.4% as a result of applying geotextile cover was observed for the soil with the lowest plastic index and clay content and therefore the lowest magnitude of crack intensity factor. The other two soils with similar clay content but different plastic index showed 23.6% and 52.2% reductions in crack intensity factor after cyclic phase when covered with geotextile.     

混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的研究

钢筋腐蚀对混凝土耐久性和安全性有很大影响。笔者阐述了研究钢筋锈蚀的原因、目的和意义;研究了钢筋在未开裂和裂缝状态下的锈蚀机理,钢筋的腐蚀过程实质上是一个电化学反应过程;影响钢筋锈蚀的主要因素有混凝土的密实度、混凝土碳化、环境湿度、氯离子侵入等;对钢筋腐蚀过程中的4个阶段进行了研究;从锈后钢筋截面面积损失率对结构受力的影响进行讨论;从正常使用寿命和承载能力使用寿命两方面对在役混凝土结构剩余寿命进行预测;并提出了钢筋锈蚀应采取的预防措施,以提高结构的耐久性和安全性,减少耐久性破坏造成的损失。研究的成果在工程上具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

B级钢侧架圆角细节耐久性力学模型研究

根据Paris公式推导出适用于B级钢圆角细节耐久性分析的 ,在一定裂纹尺寸范围内的裂纹扩展速率公式及其检验方法 ,笔者模拟货车B级钢转 8A侧架的导框弯角内侧 (A区 )的圆角细部进行耐久性实验 ;以试验数据的检验证明 ,在 0 .4～ 4mm的尺寸范围内 ,选用的断裂力学模型是合理的 ;同时为建立合理的检修周期和寿命体系提供理论模型和安全评价基础。